2014 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma
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The 2014 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma took place on November 4, 2014, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Oklahoma, concurrently with the regularly-scheduled election to Oklahoma's other Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.
This special election was held to fill the remaining two years of incumbent Republican Senator Tom Coburn's second term. Coburn, a strong supporter of term limits, had announced even before he was elected to the Senate in 2004 that he would only serve for two terms. After he was re-elected in 2010, he reaffirmed that he would not run for re-election in 2016.[1][2]
In January 2014, Coburn announced he would resign early at the end of the 113th United States Congress on January 3, 2015.[3][4] As pursuant to Oklahoma law, he submitted an "irrevocable letter of resignation" to take effect on that day. Thus, the special election was held while he was still in office.[5][6]
Unlike most states, except in very specific circumstances,[a] Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin did not have the power to appoint a replacement senator. Instead, state law required her to schedule the special election "as soon as practicable".[8]
Primary elections were held on June 24, 2014. The Republicans nominated U.S. Representative James Lankford; as no candidate in the Democratic primary received more than 50% of the vote, a primary runoff election was held on August 26 between State Senator Connie Johnson and perennial candidate Jim Rogers, which Johnson won. In the general election, Lankford defeated Johnson in a landslide (winning every county) and was sworn in on the day Coburn's resignation took effect. When Lankford won re-election in 2016 and 2022, he won every county both times.
Republican primary
[edit]By April 2014, Lankford and T.W. Shannon were seen as the main contenders for the Republican nomination, with Brogdon a potential spoiler who was running even further to the right than they did. Although there was reported to be "little daylight ideologically" between Lankford and Shannon, and both are associated with the Tea Party movement, Shannon attracted the support of figures including Ted Cruz, Mike Lee and Sarah Palin and organizations including FreedomWorks and the Senate Conservatives Fund. They criticized Lankford for his votes to raise the debt ceiling and for being a member of the Republican House leadership. Supporters of Lankford, including the chairman of the Oklahoma Republican Party, pointed out Shannon's ties to the establishment-supporting Congressman Tom Cole, accused Cruz, Lee, Palin and the others of being "outsiders" who were attempting to meddle in the state's primary, and also pointed out that the aforementioned had previously criticized Coburn, whom they were now praising in an attempt to woo him into supporting Shannon.[9] Local Tea Party groups also criticised the national conservatives, saying in an open letter that they had endorsed Shannon without consulting them or examining his record, that Shannon was a "poser" who "had never stepped foot" in a Tea Party meeting before announcing his run for the Senate and "no longer attends grassroots meetings nor does he seek the grassroots support".[10]
In June, Coburn responded to attack ads calling Lankford a "Washington insider" who "votes with liberals" by saying that "political advertisements by groups... supporting T.W. Shannon have crossed an important line — they simply aren't truthful and they mischaracterize James Lankford's service in Congress." He also called Lankford "a man of absolute integrity" who was "one of the most honest, thoughtful and sincere men I have met in my time in Washington." He also praised Lankford's "life experience", "perspective" and willingness to fight the "status quo", but stopped short of fully endorsing him. He did however say that "as a voter", the negative ads from pro-Shannon groups made him question Shannon's ability to govern.[11]
By mid-June, Lankford was considered to have the momentum, a reversal of fortunes, though a runoff was considered likely.[12] Shannon's negative advertisements were considered to have backfired, in contrast to Lankford's advertisements, which were largely positive. Lankford also raised and spent more money than Shannon, who was not significantly helped financially by national conservative groups, who had focused their attention on the primary runoff in Mississippi between incumbent senator Thad Cochran and conservative challenger Chris McDaniel. The runoff in Mississippi was held on the same day as the primary in Oklahoma and Alexandra Jaffe of The Hill reported that Shannon's best hope was to force a runoff, which would allow the national groups to refocus on Oklahoma.[13] Outside spending for Shannon was $1.8m compared to $170,000 for Lankford but Lankford spent $1.8m to Shannon's $1.1m.[14]
In what was considered a surprise result, Lankford defeated Shannon by over 20%, negating the need for a runoff. Lankford ran a strong, well-organised campaign, considered by Congressman Tom Cole to be "probably the best organization in the state that was operating at this time". He was also helped by his "existing statewide presence grounded in the state's burgeoning Baptist community", which goes back to his time before politics when he ran the Falls Creek Baptist Youth Camp,[15] and the fact that his congressional district is based in Oklahoma City, where turnout was predicted to be high because there was also a competitive race in the Republican primary to succeed him. To attempt to counteract that, Shannon targeted the media market in Tulsa.[12][14] Finally, unlike in other races, there was no split between the establishment and the Tea Party, with Shannon not capitalising on an "anti-establishment" wave that benefited others like Ben Sasse in Nebraska. Cole summarised: "We don't need people coming in and telling us who conservatives are, [because] everybody is a conservative. There are no moderates."[14] State Senator David Holt, who supported Shannon, said that Coburn's comments about Lankford were the most important factor, saying that "Senator Coburn is enormously respected in Oklahoma, and when it appeared that he had a preference, I think that the voters listened."[14]
Candidates
[edit]Declared
[edit]- Randy Brogdon, former state senator and candidate for Governor in 2010[16]
- Andy Craig, Army Veteran and sales professional[17]
- Kevin Crow, college professor[18]
- James Lankford, U.S. Representative[19]
- Eric McCray, businessman[20]
- T. W. Shannon, state representative and former Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives[21]
- Jason Weger, paramedic[22]
Declined
[edit]- Jim Bridenstine, U.S. Representative[23]
- Tom Cole, U.S. Representative[24]
- Patrice Douglas, State Corporation Commissioner and former mayor of Edmond (running for OK-05)[23][25]
- Mary Fallin, Governor of Oklahoma[26]
- Frank Keating, former governor of Oklahoma[27]
- Todd Lamb, Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma[28]
- Frank Lucas, U.S. Representative[29][30]
- Markwayne Mullin, U.S. Representative[31]
- Scott Pruitt, Attorney General of Oklahoma[24]
- J. C. Watts, former U.S. Representative[26]
Endorsements
[edit]Individuals
- Trey Gowdy, United States Representative from South Carolina[34]
- Mike Huckabee, former governor of Arkansas and candidate for President in 2008[35]
- Darrell Issa, United States Representative from California[36]
State Legislators[37]
- Senator Rick Brinkley
- Senator Mike Mazzei
- Senator Dan Newberry
- Senator Gary Stanislawski
Individuals
- Ben Carson, surgeon and speaker[38]
- Ted Cruz, United States Senator from Texas[39]
- Mike Lee, United States Senator from Utah[40]
- Mark Levin, conservative radio host, author, and constitutional scholar[41]
- Ken Miller, Oklahoma State Treasurer[42]
- Sarah Palin, former governor of Alaska and 2008 Republican vice presidential nominee[43]
- J. C. Watts, former U.S. Representative (OK-04)
Organizations
- The American Conservative Union[44]
- Citizens United[45]
- FreedomWorks[46][47]
- GOPAC[48]
- Senate Conservatives Fund[49]
State Legislators[50]
- Representative Don Armes
- Representative John Bennett
- Representative Gus Blackwell
- Representative David Brumbaugh
- Representative Dennis Casey
- Representative Mike Christian
- Representative Bobby Cleveland
- Representative Ann Coody
- Representative Lee Denney
- Representative David Derby
- Representative Jon Echols
- Representative Katie Henke
- Senator David Holt
- Representative Arthur Hulbert
- Representative Mike Jackson
- Representative Dennis Johnson
- Senator Rob Johnson
- Representative Charlie Joiner
- Representative Dan Kirby
- Senator Kyle Loveless
- Representative Scott Martin
- Representative Steve Martin
- Representative Charles McCall
- Representative Mark McCullough
- Representative Randy McDaniel
- Representative Skye McNiel
- Representative Lewis Moore
- Representative Jason Murphey
- Representative Tom Newell
- Representative Jadine Nollan
- Representative Terry O'Donnell
- Representative Leslie Osborn
- Representative Pat Ownbey
- Representative Pam Peterson
- Representative Marty Quinn
- Representative Dustin Roberts
- Representative Todd Russ
- Representative Mike Sanders
- Representative Colby Schwartz
- Representative Earl Sears
- Senator Ralph Shortey
- Representative Jason Smalley
- Representative Aaron Stiles
- Representative Todd Thomsen
- Representative John Trebilcock
- Representative Steve Vaughan
- Representative Ken Walker
- Representative Weldon Watson
- Representative Paul Wesselhoft
- Representative Justin Wood
- Representative Harold Wright
- Jim Bridenstine, U.S. Representative (OK-01)[9]
- Tom Coburn, incumbent U.S. Senator[9]
- Tom Cole, U.S. Representative (OK-04)[9]
- Mary Fallin, Governor of Oklahoma[9]
- Jim Inhofe, U.S. Senator (OK)[9]
- Frank Lucas, U.S. Representative (OK-03)[9]
- Markwayne Mullin, U.S. Representative (OK-02)[9]
Polling
[edit]| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size |
Margin of error |
Randy Brogdon |
Andy Craig |
Kevin Crow |
James Lankford |
Eric McCray |
T.W. Shannon |
J. C. Watts |
Jason Weger |
Other | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Harper Polling[51] | January 30 – February 1, 2014 | 627 | ± 3.91% | — | — | — | 37% | — | 8% | 40% | 2% | — | 13% |
| — | — | — | 54% | — | 18% | — | 1% | — | 27% | ||||
| Tarrance Group*[52] | February 10–12, 2014 | 500 | ± 4.9% | — | — | 3% | 47% | — | 17% | — | — | — | 33% |
| Public Opinion Strategies[53] | February 9–11, 2014 | ? | ± ? | — | — | — | 51% | — | 16% | — | — | 1% | 32% |
| Public Opinion Strategies[54] | March 16–17, 2014 | 500 | ± 4.38% | 7% | — | — | 37% | — | 28% | — | — | 3% | 25% |
| Public Opinion Strategies[53] | April 21–22, 2014 | 500 | ± 4.48% | 7% | — | — | 32% | — | 42% | — | — | 3% | 16% |
| NSON Opinion Strategy[55] | April 23–29, 2014 | 400 | ± ? | 3.5% | 1% | 0.3% | 30.8% | — | 32% | — | — | 1.0% | 32.5% |
| American Viewpoint[56] | April 27–29, 2014 | ? | ± ? | — | — | — | 36% | — | 34% | — | — | ? | ? |
| SoonerPoll[57] | May 5–10, 2014 | 580 | ± 4.07% | 4.5% | 0.6% | 1.7% | 33.8% | 0.6% | 31.9% | — | 1.5% | — | 25.4% |
| Tarrance Group*[58] | May 12–14, 2014 | 501 | ± 4.5% | 5% | — | — | 43% | — | 33% | — | — | — | 18% |
| American Viewpoint[56] | May 27–29, 2014 | 500 | ± 4.4% | 4% | — | — | 48% | — | 26% | — | — | 3% | 18% |
| Public Opinion Strategies[59] | June 7–9, 2014 | 600 | ± 4.81% | — | — | — | 39% | — | 37% | — | — | 6% | 18% |
| Tarrance Group*[60] | June 9–11, 2014 | 500 | ± 4.5% | — | — | — | 41% | — | 34% | — | — | 7% | 18% |
| SoonerPoll[61] | June 14–18, 2014 | 415 | ± 4.81% | 3% | — | — | 41% | — | 38% | — | — | 2% | 16% |
| SoonerPoll[62] | June 19–21, 2014 | 840 | ± 3.38% | 4.2% | 0.4% | 1.4% | 43.4% | 0.9% | 34.9% | — | 1.5% | — | 13.3% |
- * Internal poll for James Lankford campaign
| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size |
Margin of error |
Randy Brogdon |
James Lankford |
Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSON Opinion Strategy[55] | April 23–29, 2014 | 400 | ± ? | 10.2% | 50% | 39.8% |
| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size |
Margin of error |
James Lankford |
T.W. Shannon |
Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSON Opinion Strategy[55] | April 23–29, 2014 | 400 | ± ? | 30.2% | 38.2% | 31.5% |
Results
[edit]
- 40–50%
- 50–60%
- 60–70%
- 70–80%
- 40–50%
- 50–60%
- 70–80%
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | James Lankford | 152,749 | 57.24% | |
| Republican | T.W. Shannon | 91,854 | 34.42% | |
| Republican | Randy Brogdon | 12,934 | 4.85% | |
| Republican | Kevin Crow | 2,828 | 1.06% | |
| Republican | Andy Craig | 2,427 | 0.91% | |
| Republican | Eric McCray | 2,272 | 0.85% | |
| Republican | Jason Weger | 1,794 | 0.67% | |
| Total votes | 266,858 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic primary
[edit]Candidates
[edit]Declared
[edit]- Patrick Hayes[64]
- Connie Johnson, state senator[65][66]
- Jim Rogers, perennial candidate and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2010[64]
Withdrew
[edit]- Charles Jenkins, retired federal employee[67]
Declined
[edit]- Bill Anoatubby, Governor of the Chickasaw Nation[68]
- Jari Askins, former lieutenant governor of Oklahoma and nominee for governor in 2010[68]
- Dan Boren, former U.S. Representative[68]
- Clark Brewster, attorney[69][65]
- Kenneth Corn, former state senator and nominee for lieutenant governor in 2010[70]
- Drew Edmondson, former attorney general of Oklahoma and candidate for governor in 2010[68]
- Kathy Taylor, former mayor of Tulsa[23]
Endorsements
[edit]Individuals
- Jesse Jackson, civil rights activist and Baptist minister[71]
Organizations
- Oklahoma AFL–CIO[72]
- City Sentinel, newspaper[73]
- Tulsa World, newspaper[74]
- NORML, marijuana-advocacy organization[75]
- Oklahoma Democratic Party, the Oklahoma Central Committee of the Oklahoma Democratic Party endorsed Johnson over Rogers[76]
Polling
[edit]| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size |
Margin of error |
Patrick Hayes |
Connie Johnson |
Jim Rogers |
Other | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SoonerPoll[77] | May 5–10, 2014 | 631 | ± 3.9% | 5% | 9.2% | 9.4% | — | 76.3% |
| SoonerPoll[62] | June 19–21, 2014 | 781 | ± 3.5% | 6.4% | 13.2% | 5.4% | — | 75.1% |
Results
[edit]
- 30–40%
- 40–50%
- 50–60%
- 70–80%
- 30–40%
- 40–50%
- 50–60%
- 30–40%
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Constance N. Johnson | 71,462 | 43.84% | |
| Democratic | Jim Rogers | 57,598 | 35.34% | |
| Democratic | Patrick Hayes | 33,943 | 20.82% | |
| Total votes | 163,003 | 100.00% | ||
Runoff
[edit]
- 50–60%
- 60–70%
- 70–80%
- 80–90%
- 50–60%
- 60–70%
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Constance N. Johnson | 54,762 | 57.99% | |
| Democratic | Jim Rogers | 39,664 | 42.01% | |
| Total votes | 94,426 | 100.00% | ||
Independents
[edit]Candidates
[edit]Declared
[edit]- Mark Beard[64]
General election
[edit]Debates
[edit]- Complete video of debate, October 7, 2014
Predictions
[edit]| Source | Ranking | As of |
|---|---|---|
| The Cook Political Report[79] | Solid R | November 3, 2014 |
| Sabato's Crystal Ball[80] | Safe R | November 3, 2014 |
| Rothenberg Political Report[81] | Safe R | November 3, 2014 |
| Real Clear Politics[82] | Safe R | November 3, 2014 |
Polling
[edit]| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size |
Margin of error |
James Lankford (R) |
Connie Johnson (D) |
Other | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBS News/NYT/YouGov[83] | July 5–24, 2014 | 1,302 | ± 4.7% | 56% | 34% | 6% | 5% |
| Rasmussen[84] | August 27–28, 2014 | 750 | ± 4% | 58% | 29% | 6% | 7% |
| Sooner Poll[85] | August 28–30, 2014 | 603 | ± 3.99% | 58% | 28% | 3%[86] | 11% |
| CBS News/NYT/YouGov[87] | August 18 – September 2, 2014 | 821 | ± 5% | 61% | 28% | 1% | 10% |
| Sooner Poll[88] | September 27–29, 2014 | 400 | ± 4.9% | 56% | 28% | 4% | 12% |
| CBS News/NYT/YouGov[89] | September 20 – October 1, 2014 | 1,244 | ± 3% | 65% | 24% | 0% | 11% |
| CBS News/NYT/YouGov[89] | October 16–23, 2014 | 995 | ± 5% | 63% | 29% | 0% | 8% |
| Sooner Poll[90] | October 25–29, 2014 | 949 | ± 3.18% | 59% | 28% | 4%[86] | 9% |
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | James Lankford | 557,002 | 67.85% | −2.79% | |
| Democratic | Connie Johnson | 237,923 | 28.98% | +2.85% | |
| Independent | Mark T. Beard | 25,965 | 3.17% | N/A | |
| Total votes | 820,890 | 100.00% | N/A | ||
| Republican hold | |||||
See also
[edit]
- 2014 United States Senate elections
- 2014 United States elections
- 2014 United States Senate election in Oklahoma
- 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma
- 2014 Oklahoma gubernatorial election
Notes
[edit]- ^ "No special election shall be called if the vacancy occurs after March 1 of any even-numbered year if the term of the office expires the following year. In such case, the candidate elected to the office at the regular General Election shall be appointed by the Governor to fill the unexpired term."[7]
References
[edit]- ^ "Tom Coburn cruises to a second and final term in the U.S. Senate". NewsOK. November 3, 2010. Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
- ^ Kasperowicz, Pete (August 16, 2011). "Coburn reaffirms term-limit pledge, won't run in 2016". thehill.com. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
- ^ Murphy, Sean (January 17, 2014). "Okla. Sen. Coburn to Retire After Current Session". ABC News. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
- ^ Edwards, A (January 17, 2014). "Oklahoma will hold special election to fill Coburn's U.S. Senate seat after retirement". kfor.com. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
- ^ Michael Bates (January 16, 2014). "Replacing Tom Coburn: Oklahoma's congressional special election laws". BatesLine. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ^ "Governor Mary Fallin Comments on Dr. Tom Coburn's Announced Retirement from the U.S. Senate". ok.gov. January 17, 2014. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ^ "2006 Oklahoma Code - Title 26. — Elections". law.justia.com. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ^ "Oklahoma Sen. Coburn announces early retirement". PBS. January 17, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Burgess Everett (April 24, 2014). "Tea party eats its own in Oklahoma". Politico. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
- ^ Chris Casteel (April 26, 2014). "Oklahoma Tea Party leaders call T.W. Shannon a 'poser'". Tulsa World. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
- ^ Alexandra Jaffe (June 12, 2014). "Coburn slams negative attacks". The Hill. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
- ^ a b Alexis Levinson (June 18, 2014). "Lankford Builds Momentum in Oklahoma Senate Race". Roll Call. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
- ^ Alexandra Jaffe (June 11, 2014). "GOP primary in Oklahoma gets negative". The Hill. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
- ^ a b c d Alexis Levinson (June 25, 2014). "How James Lankford Won Big in Oklahoma (Video)". Roll Call. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
- ^ Chris Casteel (October 12, 2014). "Falls Creek runs deep: Oklahoma Rep. James Lankford's first campaign relied on faith, connections". News OK. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
- ^ Russell Mills (March 3, 2014). "Randy Brogdon announces US Senate run". KRMG. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
- ^ Faught, Jamison (March 26, 2014). "Recap: Current Candidates for Coburn's Senate seat". Muskogee Politico. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
- ^ Troxtell, Adam (February 11, 2014). "Crow confident in face of obstacles to reach Senate". The Express-Star. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
- ^ "US Rep. Lankford Announces Run For US Senate Seat". news9.com. KWTV-DT. January 20, 2014. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ^ "Okla. City businessman to seek US Senate seat". The Oklahoman. Associated Press. January 28, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
- ^ Jaffe, Alexandra (January 28, 2014). "Okla. Speaker to launch Senate bid". The Hill. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ^ "Norman paramedic to seek open US Senate seat". news9.com. KWTV-DT. Associated Press. January 21, 2014. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ^ a b c Jaffe, Alexandra (January 28, 2014). "Bridenstine won't run for Oklahoma Senate". The Hill. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
- ^ a b Casteel, Chris (January 19, 2014). "Oklahoma Rep. James Lankford to run for Senate; Cole and Pruitt bow out". The Oklahoman. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ^ Coburn, James (January 21, 2014). "Douglas announces for 5th District". Edmond Sun. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ a b Cameron, Alex (January 17, 2014). "Lawmakers React To Retirement Of Sen. Coburn". news9.com. KWTV-DT. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ^ Casteel, Chris (January 27, 2014). "Former Gov. Frank Keating says he won't run for U.S. Senate". The Oklahoman. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
- ^ Hampton, Joy (January 22, 2014). "Lankford to run for Coburn's Senate seat". The Moore American. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
- ^ Sullivan, Sean (January 17, 2014). "The race for Coburn's seat could attract a lot of interest. Here's who to watch". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ "Lucas seeks 11th term as congressman from Oklahoma". News on 6. April 9, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
- ^ Berman, Russell (January 17, 2014). "One of 5 GOP members..." Twitter. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
- ^ OCPAC Endorses Randy Brogdon; He Claims ‘True conservative’ Mantle | The McCarville Report
- ^ Twitter / RandyBrogdon: I am happy to receive the
- ^ Gowdy Backs Lankford | The McCarville Report
- ^ Jaffe, Alexandra (April 4, 2014). "Huckabee endorses Rep. Lankford for Senate in Oklahoma GOP primary". The Hill. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
- ^ Issa To Support Lankford | The McCarville Report
- ^ "Tulsa Area State Senators Support Lankford | James Lankford for Senate". Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
- ^ "Dr. Ben Carson announces support for T.W. Shannon - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate". Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
- ^ Ted Cruz Backs T.W. Shannon for Oklahoma Senate Special Election
- ^ Tea-party favorite endorses T.W. Shannon's bid for Senate - Tulsa World: Government
- ^ Banner, Steve OlafsonThe Duncan (May 30, 2014). "Shannon touts Watts endorsement during Duncan campaign stop". Duncan Banner. Retrieved June 7, 2024.
- ^ Miller Endorses Shannon | The McCarville Report
- ^ Palin endorses T.W. Shannon in Senate race in Oklahoma - The Washington Post
- ^ "ACU ENDORSES SHANNON FOR US SENATE | American Conservative Union". Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
- ^ "T.W. Shannon Receives Endorsement from Citizens United - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate". Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
- ^ "FreedomWorks PAC Endorses T. W. Shannon in the Oklahoma Senate Race | FreedomWorks". Archived from the original on May 23, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
- ^ Howell, Kellan (April 22, 2014). "FreedomWorks backs Shannon in Okla. race". The Washington Times. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
- ^ "GOPAC endorses Tillis and Shannon in their bids for U.S. Senate". T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate. February 19, 2014. Archived from the original on March 24, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
- ^ Cahn, Emily (March 27, 2014). "Senate Conservatives Fund Endorses in Oklahoma Senate Race". Roll Call. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
- ^ "Fellow House Members Support T.W. Shannon for Senate - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate - T.W. Shannon for U.S. Senate". Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
- ^ Harper Polling Archived February 13, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Tarrance Group*
- ^ a b Public Opinion Strategies
- ^ Public Opinion Strategies
- ^ a b c NSON Opinion Strategy
- ^ a b American Viewpoint
- ^ SoonerPoll
- ^ Tarrance Group*
- ^ Public Opinion Strategies
- ^ Tarrance Group*
- ^ SoonerPoll
- ^ a b SoonerPoll
- ^ a b "Official Results - Primary Election" (PDF). Oklahoma Secretary of State. July 7, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ^ a b c "Candidates for Federal, State, Legislative and Judicial Offices" (PDF). Oklahoma State Election Board. April 11, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
- ^ a b Mills, Russell (January 23, 2014). "Two possible Democrat contenders for Oklahoma US Senate seat". KRMG-FM. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
- ^ Felder, Ben (April 8, 2014). "Johnson announces Democratic bid for U.S. Senate". Oklahoma Gazette. Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
- ^ "Retired federal worker to seek Coburn's U.S. Senate post". Tulsa World. February 4, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Former US Rep. Dan Boren Won't Run For Tom Coburn's Senate Seat". News on 6. January 21, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ "Green Country Lawyer Considering Senate Run". News 9 Oklahoma. January 23, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ^ "Keating, Corn won't seek Okla. US Senate seat". Miami Herald. January 27, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
- ^ "Timeline Photos - Connie Johnson for US Senate". Facebook. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
- ^ "OK AFL-CIO COPE Endorsements – Oklahoma Primary Election to be held on 6/24/14". Transport Workers Union Local 514. June 17, 2014. Archived from the original on July 27, 2014. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
- ^ An editorial: Bipartisan June 24 Primary Endorsements |The City Sentinel
- ^ "Editorial: For Connie Johnson in Democratic U.S. Senate race". Tulsa World. July 21, 2014. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
- ^ "NORML PAC Endorses State Senator Connie Johnson for US Senate in Oklahoma". The Daily Chronic. July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
- ^ "Oklahoma Democratic Party endorses Johnson". Facebook. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
- ^ SoonerPoll
- ^ "Runoff Primary Election". Oklahoma State Election Board. August 26, 2014. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
- ^ "2014 Senate Race Ratings for November 3, 2014". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- ^ "The Crystal Ball's Final 2014 Picks". Sabato's Crystal Ball. November 3, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- ^ "2014 Senate Ratings". Senate Ratings. The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- ^ "2014 Elections Map - Battle for the Senate 2014". Real Clear Politics. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- ^ CBS News/NYT/YouGov
- ^ Rasmussen
- ^ Sooner Poll
- ^ a b Mark Beard (I)
- ^ CBS News/NYT/YouGov
- ^ Sooner Poll
- ^ a b CBS News/NYT/YouGov
- ^ Sooner Poll Archived November 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Oklahoma Secretary of State 2014 General Election". Oklahoma Secretary of State. November 4, 2014. Archived from the original on January 11, 2015. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
External links
[edit]Official campaign websites (Archived)