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during morning [[rush hour]] of 29 March 2010 at two stations of the [[Moscow Metro]]. The first happened inside the [[Lubyanka (Metro)|Lubyanka station]] and the second about 40 minutes later at [[Park Kultury (Sokolnicheskaya Line)|Park Kultury station]]. At least 38 people were killed.<ref name="Reuters">
during morning [[rush hour]] of 29 March 2010 at two stations of the [[Moscow Metro]]. The first happened inside the [[Lubyanka (Metro)|Lubyanka station]] and the second about 40 minutes later at [[Park Kultury (Sokolnicheskaya Line)|Park Kultury station]]. At least 38 people were killed. People died, oh yes they did. <ref name="Reuters">
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62S0FM20100329
| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62S0FM20100329

Revision as of 03:59, 30 March 2010

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2010 Moscow Metro bombings
Central hall of the Lubyanka station
LocationMoscow, Russia
Date29 March 2010
7:56/7:57 MSD and 8:37/8:39 MSD (UTC+4)
TargetMoscow Metro
Attack type
Suicide bombings
WeaponsHexogen explosives[1]
DeathsTotal 38[2][3]:
Lubyanka station: 25
Park Kultury station: 13
Injured102[4]
No. of participants
2 women

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Bombed special train "Red arrow - 75 years"

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Special meeting following the attacks in the Moscow metro

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Special meeting following the attacks in the Moscow metro

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Lubyanka

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Lubyanka

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Transport problems. Photo by Anton Nossik.

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Flowers at Park Kultury station

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The 2010 Moscow Metro bombings were suicide bombings[7] carried out by two women[8][9] during morning rush hour of 29 March 2010 at two stations of the Moscow Metro. The first happened inside the Lubyanka station and the second about 40 minutes later at Park Kultury station. At least 38 people were killed. People died, oh yes they did. [2] Preliminary investigation indicates the bombing was perpetrated by Chechen separatists.[4] Russian officials said it was "the deadliest and most sophisticated terrorist attack in the Russian capital in six years",[10] a reference to the Avtozavodskaya and the Rizhskaya bombings.

Terrorism

The bombings are part of long-running and established series of Terrorism by Caucasus Extremists, which already, over the years, resulted in the deaths of many innocent civilians. These are a group of muhajideen, who believe they a fighting a "holy war" and wish to create a "Terrorist Emirate" in the Caucasus.[1][2]

Incident

The first explosion occurred at the Lubyanka station at approximately 7:56 am local time (3:56 am UTC). This was followed by a second explosion at the Park Kultury station around 8:38 am. Panic including stampedes occurred at both stations as commuters attempted to escape.[4]

A third reportedly failed detonation was announced by Life News roughly 40 minutes later, aimed at one of the two Prospekt Mira stations, however, no explosives were found in the suspected plastic bag after it was evacuated from the station.[9] Around 10:04 am local time a call from a public phone announcing another scheduled explosion was made to the Begovaya station staff, with the caller soon revealing it to be a hoax.[11] Another hoax occurred about an hour after the second explosion at the Ulitsa Podbelskogo station when passengers noticed a Muslim woman entering the train.[8][12]

The explosions are thought to be suicide bombings carried out by two women, believed to be from the north caucasus, who wore explosive belts, presumably using detonation devices set inside their mobile phones and activated by a call to self.[13] The time of attack corresponded to the maximum passenger capacity of the subway during a workday morning rush, in reports describing the horror: 'The doctors could not stop the victims bleeding' [14].

In the latest news, it was told that the bombings were conducted by the same terrorists responsible for the Russian apartment bombings of 1999.[3]

Aftermath

Around 11:00 am local time, operation "Vulkan"[clarification needed] was launched to patrol all the subway stations in search of possible clues to trace the instigators. A passport control brigade of local militia has also been deployed on every station of the Sokolnicheskaya Line.[15]

Russia's Interior Ministry head Rashid Nurgaliyev said security was being boosted across the country, "in particular in those cities with metro systems."[16] Tuesday, March 30 was announced to be the Day of Mourning nationwide.[17]

Prime Minister Vladimir Putin issued a decree ordering the allocation from the Reserve Fund of 300,000 rubles to the families of those killed in the bombings, plus 18,000 rubles for funeral expenses, and of 50,000–100,000 rubles to those who were injured in the attacks, depending on the severity of the injuries.[18][19]

Casualties

At least 38 people were killed in the explosions.[2] This figure was revised upwards from an earlier count of 36 killed that amounted to 24 people in the explosion at the Lubyanka station and 12 at Park Kultury. Two other people died in the stampede that occurred at both stations after the blast. Over 100 other passengers sustained mild to serious injuries.[4][13]

The nationalities of those killed and wounded were given:[20]

Nationality Deaths Injured
 Russia 5 62
 Tajikistan 1 -
 Malaysia - 2
 Philippines - 1
 Belarus - 1
unknown 32 6
Total 38 72

Investigation

According to Interfax news agency, citing law enforcement sources, surveillance cameras captured the women – aged between 18 and 20 – boarding the metro at Yugo-Zapadnaya station. Police were hunting two other women of Slavic appearance seen shepherding the bombers into the station. All four had their faces uncovered.[21] Officials suspect that Muslim rebels from the troubled North Caucasus region that includes Chechnya are responsible for the attack.[4][22][9], the link to the Islamists[23][24] was immediate.

The Investigation Committee started a criminal investigation under article 205 of the Russian Criminal Code ("act of terrorism").[25]

Perpetrators

Two women are believed to have caused the explosion in two consecutive suicide attacks. Russia's FSB security service alleged these Chechen "black widows" of various ages whose bodies were recovered could be wives of deceased rebel husbands from North Caucasus.[26] Their faces were not harmed in the blast, the first attack was made with a force of up to 4 kg of trinitrotoluene (TNT) while the second attack was carried out by a dark-haired woman with a equivalent of 2 kg of TNT strapped to her waist. Both bombs were packed with metal nuts and bolts to increase the destructive nature of the blast.[3][27] Unconfirmed reports indicate the perpetrators tried to take the explosives to the building of Russian Ministry of Defense on Arbat street.[17] Law enforcement also speculates the suicide bombers may have confused the stations missing one of their original targets - Oktyabrskaya station. They allege the planned attack foresaw blowing up the Lubyanka station, which is located next to central headquarters of FSB followed by the an explosion at Oktyabrskaya which is attached to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.[28]

Female suicide bombers, known as "black widows," have been involved in suicide bombings on numerous occasions, including 2004 bombings of two passenger planes that took off from Domodedovo International Airport, previous Moscow metro bombings, the Moscow theater hostage crisis and during the Beslan school hostage crisis.[26]

Foreign Minister, Sergei Lavrov, hinted that militants operating on the Afghan-Pakistan border may have helped organize the attacks saying that Moscow "is well informed about the so-called no-man's land on the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan [where] the terrorist underground has entrenched itself. We know that many terrorist attacks — not only in Afghanistan, but in other countries too — are plotted in that area... Sometimes, the trail leads to the Caucasus." [29] However, the head of the FSB, Alexander Bortnikov, appeared to contradict these remarks when he suggested the attackers hailed from the North Caucasus region.[30]

Reactions

Further information: Reactions to the 2010 Moscow Metro bombings

Following the attacks, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin condemned the actions and called for a continuation of the crackdown on such groups. Additionally, Ramzan Kadyrov, President of the Chechen Republic was also quick to comment on the attacks. While the heads of Russia's three biggest religious bodies also condemned the attacks and called for justice. Russian Orthodox Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia called for solidarity, while the Russian Council of Muftis said that "extremism and terrorism have no basis in the Holy Qur'an," and added that "a terrorist cannot be a Muslim while a Muslim cannot be a terrorist."[31] Russia's chief rabbi, Berel Lazar, said he was sure the masterminds of the terrorist attack would get the punishment they deserved.[31]

The attack also sparked condemnation and expressions of condolence from numerous governments and heads of state, including Abkhazia,[32] Argentina, [33] Azerbaijan,[34] Armenia,[35] Belarus,[34] Bulgaria,[34] Canada,[36] China,[37] Colombia,[38] the Czech Republic,[34] Estonia,[34] France,[34] Georgia,[34] Germany,[39] India,[40] Mexico, [41] Israel,[42] Latvia,[34] Lithuania,[43] Poland,[34] Serbia,[44][27][45] Tajikstan,[34] Ukraine,[43] the United Kingdom,[46] and the United States.[47][48]

The National Assembly of Serbia held a moment of silence,[49] and the Mayor of Belgrade, Dragan Đilas, sent condolences to Yury Luzhkov, the Mayor of Moscow.[50]

Security and a police presence on the New York City subway system were also increased.[51]

Furthermore the UN Security Council issued a statement that condemned the attacks and expressed sympathy to the victims as well as the government of Russia.[52], while the UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon condemned the bombings by saying that he's "confident that the Russian authorities will bring to justice the perpetrators of this heinous terrorist attack." Ban also expressed condolences to the victims, their families, and the Russian people.[52] NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen and Head of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso condemned the attacks, expressed condolences to the victims' families, and voiced the commitment of NATO and the European Union, respectively, to cooperate with Russia in combating international terrorism.[34][53]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2010 Moscow Metro bombings.
External media
Images
image icon View 1 of Lubyanka platform
image icon View 2 of Lubyanka platform
image icon View 3 of Lubyanka platform
Video
video icon Russia Today Report
video icon Park Kulturi station after the act of terror

References

  1. ^ "Medvedev calls for tightened security after Moscow metro blasts". PRIME-TASS. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  2. ^ a b c "Bombers kill at least 38 in Moscow subway". Reuters. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  3. ^ a b "Two blasts in Moscow Metro, dozens killed". RT. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  4. ^ a b c d e NBC and news services (March 29, 2010). "Suicide bombers kill 37 in Moscow's subway FSB security service's HQ is in building above one of targeted stations". MSNBC.com. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
  5. ^ "Female suicide bombers blamed in Moscow subway attacks". CNN.com. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  6. ^ "Russia hints at al Qaeda link to subway blasts". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  7. ^ "FSB confirmed information about female suicide bombers in Moscow underground" (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  8. ^ a b "According to preliminary data, explosions at Moscow underground stations Lubyanka and Park Kultury were performed by female suicide bombers" (in Russian). Ekho Moskvy. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  9. ^ a b c "Moscow Metro hit by deadly suicide bombings". BBC. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  10. ^ "Washington Post report, March 29 2010". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  11. ^ "Moscow police ([[GUVD]]) disproved information about third and fouth explosions" (in Russian). Top.rbc.ru. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  12. ^ "Suicide bombers went down to the underground" (in Russian). RBCdaily. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  13. ^ a b "Terrorist acts in Moscow metro were performed by suicide bombers" (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  14. ^ "Moscow bomb: 'The doctors could not stop the victims' bleeding' - Worldnews.com". Article.wn.com. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  15. ^ "Moscow underground attacked by terrorists. PHOTOS. VIDEOS" (in Russian). Top.rbc.ru. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
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  17. ^ a b "В связи с произошедшими взрывами в Москве 30 марта объявлен Днем траура". First Channel. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "Families of Moscow metro attacks will be paid 300,000 rubles – government decree". Interfax. 29 March 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  19. ^ Stack, Megan K (29 March 2010). "Suicide bombers hit two Moscow subway stations". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  20. ^ "МЧС :: взрывы в Московском метро". Mchs.gov.ru. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  21. ^ Luke Harding in Moscow. "Moscow bombings: Putin vows to destroy group behind attacks | World news". The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  22. ^ "Subway Blasts Kill Dozens in Moscow". The New York Times. March 29, 2010.
  23. ^ "UPI NewsTrack TopNews". UPI.com. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  24. ^ "Us-International Summary". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  25. ^ "Underground — explosions" (in Russian). Expert.ru. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  26. ^ a b Andrew Osborn (2010-03-29). "Moscow bombing: who are the Black Widows". Telegraph. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  27. ^ a b "News — Politics — Unclear if Serbs were among victims in Moscow". B92. 2010-03-11. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  28. ^ Lena Chuguy (2010-03-29). "Террористки-смертницы могли перепутать станции метро". Argumenty i Fakty. Retrieved 2010-03-29. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ © RIA Novosti. Mikhail Mordasov. "Lavrov sees foreign backing in Moscow metro blasts | Top Russian news and analysis online | 'RIA Novosti' newswire". En.rian.ru. Retrieved 2010-03-30. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |author= at position 2 (help)
  30. ^ "Moscow attacks linked to Pak jihad epicentre". Business-standard.com. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  31. ^ a b "Russian religious leaders condemn Moscow subway blasts". RIA Novosti. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  32. ^ "PRESIDENT OF ABKHAZIA SERGEY BAGAPSH SENT TELEGRAM OF CONDOLENCE TO RUSSIAN PRESIDENT DMITRY MEDVEDEV IN CONNECTION WITH ACT OF TERROR IN MOSCOW SUBWAY". President of the Republic of Abkhazia. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  33. ^ "Argentina expresa sus condolencias y "su más enérgica condena" por atentados en Moscú" (in Spanish). El Patagonico. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Foreign leaders sympathize with Russia over blasts". Voice of Russia. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  35. ^ "President Sargsyan extends condolence to Russia's Medvedev". Panorama. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  36. ^ "Canada condemns 'cowardly attacks'- Politics — Canoe.ca". Cnews.canoe.ca. 2008-07-22. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  37. ^ "China condemns Moscow subway bombings". News.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  38. ^ "Atentados en Moscú; Colombia rechazó el acto terrorista — Noticias de Europa — Mundo". Eltiempo.Com. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  39. ^ "Obama condemns Moscow subway blasts". RIA Novosti. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  40. ^ "India condemns horrific Moscow attacks, assures support". Press Trust of India. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  41. ^ http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/669309.html
  42. ^ "Netanyahu to Russia: Israel stands with you against terror — Haaretz — Israel News". Haaretz. 2006-12-24. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  43. ^ a b "World deplores Moscow blasts, sends condolences to Russia". Foreign states. RIA Novosti. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  44. ^ 21:21 - 29. 03. 2010. "Телеграм саучешћа поводом терористичких напада у Русији". Predsednik.rs. Retrieved 2010-03-29. {{cite web}}: |author= has numeric name (help)
  45. ^ "Dačić uputio saučešće povodom stradanja u Moskvi" (in Template:Sr icon). Pressonline.rs. Retrieved 2010-03-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  46. ^ "As it happened: Moscow Metro bombings". BBC. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  47. ^ U.S. President Barack Obama on Monday condemned suicide bombings in Moscow, Reuters
  48. ^ Bombings in Moscow, State.Gov
  49. ^ "Bombaški napad u moskovskom metrou" (in Template:Sr icon). Rts.rs. Retrieved 2010-03-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  50. ^ "Градоначелник Драган Ђилас упутио телеграм саучешћа градоначелнику Москве Јурију Лушкову". Beograd.rs. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  51. ^ "MTA, NYPD beef up security after Moscow subway bombings Newsday March 29, 2010". Newsday.com. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  52. ^ a b "UN Security Council slams twin Moscow metro blasts". Xinhua. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
  53. ^ "NATO chief condemns Moscow blasts". Voice of Russia. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-03-29.
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