2010 Atlantic hurricane season: Difference between revisions
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===Pre-season forecasts=== |
===Pre-season forecasts=== |
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On December 9, 2009, Klotzbach's team issued their first extended-range forecast for the 2010 season, predicting average to above-average activity (11 to 16 named storms, six to eight hurricanes and three to five major hurricanes of Category 3 or higher and ACE Index of 100–162), citing that the 2009–10 [[El Niño]] event is likely to dissipate by the start of the season.<ref name="Gray Dec"/> On April 7, 2010, Klotzbachs's team issued an updated forecast for the 2010 season, predicting above-average activity (15 named storms, eight hurricanes and four major hurricanes of Category 3 or higher), citing the dissipating 2009–10 El Niño, the possibility of current weak to moderate [[La Niña]] and warming Atlantic sea surface temperatures as potential factors.<ref name="Gray Apr">{{cite web|author=Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray|date=2010-04-10|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2010|publisher=[[Colorado State University]]|accessdate=2010-04-10|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2010/april2010/apr2010.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref> [[North Carolina State University]] professor Lian Xie and a team of colleagues and students predicted that 2010 would see 15 to 18 named storms, with 8–11 potentially becoming hurricanes.<ref name="NCSU forecast">{{cite web|url=http://news.ncsu.edu/releases/hurricane10/|title=NC State Predicts Active Atlantic Hurricane Season for 2010|last=Peake|first=Tracey|date=April 26, 2010|work=Lian Xie, Montserrat Fuentes, Danny Modlin|publisher=North Carolina State University|accessdate=2 May 2010}}</ref> Xie’s team predicts that 3–6 storms will make [[Tropical cyclone#Landfall|landfall]] in the Gulf of Mexico, with one storm making landfall at hurricane status. However, no prediction was made for the number of major hurricanes.<ref name="NCSU forecast" /> |
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On May 27, 2010, NOAA released their forecast for the season, predicting an "extremely active" season (14 to 23 named storms, eight to fourteen hurricanes, and three to seven major hurricanes of Category 3 or higher). NOAA based its forecast on weaker wind shear, warmer temperatures in the region and the continuance of the "high activity era" (i.e. [[Atlantic multidecadal oscillation]] warm phase) which began in 1995. Gerry Bell, lead seasonal hurricane forecaster at NOAA’s [[Climate Prediction Center]], added the main uncertainty in the outlook was how much above normal the 2010 season will be, and whether the high end of the predicted range is reached "depends partly on whether or not [[La Niña]] develops this summer. At present we are in a neutral state, but conditions are becoming increasingly favorable for La Niña to develop."<ref>{{cite web|author=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/20100527_hurricaneoutlook.html|date=May 27, 2010|accessdate=May 28, 2010|title=NOAA Expects Busy Atlantic Hurricane Season}}</ref> |
On May 27, 2010, NOAA released their forecast for the season, predicting an "extremely active" season (14 to 23 named storms, eight to fourteen hurricanes, and three to seven major hurricanes of Category 3 or higher). NOAA based its forecast on weaker wind shear, warmer temperatures in the region and the continuance of the "high activity era" (i.e. [[Atlantic multidecadal oscillation]] warm phase) which began in 1995. Gerry Bell, lead seasonal hurricane forecaster at NOAA’s [[Climate Prediction Center]], added the main uncertainty in the outlook was how much above normal the 2010 season will be, and whether the high end of the predicted range is reached "depends partly on whether or not [[La Niña]] develops this summer. At present we are in a neutral state, but conditions are becoming increasingly favorable for La Niña to develop."<ref>{{cite web|author=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/20100527_hurricaneoutlook.html|date=May 27, 2010|accessdate=May 28, 2010|title=NOAA Expects Busy Atlantic Hurricane Season}}</ref> |
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===Mid-season outlooks=== |
===Mid-season outlooks=== |
Revision as of 15:46, 16 November 2010
2010 Atlantic hurricane season | |
---|---|
![]() Season summary map | |
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | June 25, 2010 |
Last system dissipated | Season still active |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Igor |
• Maximum winds | 155 mph (250 km/h) |
• Lowest pressure | 925 mbar (hPa; 27.32 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 21 |
Total storms | 19 |
Hurricanes | 12 |
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) | 5 |
Total fatalities | 261 direct, 21 indirect |
Total damage | At least $11.299 billion (2010 USD) |
Related article | |
The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season is the period in 2010 during which tropical cyclones will form in the Atlantic Ocean. The season officially started on June 1 and will end on November 30, dates which conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical systems form in the basin.
The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season has been extremely active, being the most active season since 2005. 2010 ties with the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season and the 1887 Atlantic hurricane season for the third most named storms (19). 2010 also ties with the 1969 Atlantic hurricane season and 1887 for the second most hurricanes (12). [1]
The season began with Hurricane Alex, a Category 2 storm on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale, which struck the Yucatán Peninsula as a tropical storm and northeastern Mexico south of the Texas border at peak intensity. Following Alex, a series of relatively weak systems occurred into the month of July and early August. In the latter part of August and September, the season became much more active with the formation of eleven named storms in about 40 days, six of which were Cape Verde-type storms. Four of those Cape Verde storms (Danielle, Earl, Igor and Julia) each reached Category 4 intensity and a fifth in the Caribbean (Karl) also became a major hurricane. Danielle and Earl were back-to-back major hurricanes, followed by several weak tropical storms, followed by another series of three consecutive major hurricanes. From August 21 to September 26, there was not a single full day without at least one tropical cyclone active for a total of 36 days, starting with the formation of Hurricane Danielle and ending with the dissipation of Hurricane Lisa, the longest period since the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season, also tying 2005. In the month of September, eight named storms formed, which is the highest ever recorded, tying the 2002 season.
In addition, there were three occasions when three tropical cyclones were active simultaneously, with the first set being Danielle, Earl, and Fiona co-existing on August 30-August 31. The second occasion was when Earl, Fiona, and Gaston co-existed on September 1-September 2. The third and most notable was when Igor, Julia, and Karl were active September 14-September 18. During a brief period, on September 15, Igor and Julia were simultaneously Category 4 hurricanes, a very rare occurrence and the first such since 1926.[2] Both were still hurricanes when Karl was upgraded to a hurricane on September 16, the first time since the 1998 season that there were at least three simultaneous hurricanes in the North Atlantic.
Seasonal forecasts
Source | Date | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes | |
Average (1950–2005[3]) | 10.3 | 6.2 | 2.7 | ||
Record high activity | 28 | 15 | 8 | ||
Record low activity | 4 | 2 | 0† | ||
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– | |||||
CSU | December 10, 2009 | 11–16 | 8-9 | 3–5 | |
CSU | April 7, 2010 | 15 | 8 | 4 | |
NCSU | April 26, 2010 | 15–18 | 8–11 | N/A | |
NOAA | May 27, 2010 | 14-23 | 8–14 | 3–7 | |
CSU | June 2, 2010 | 18 | 10 | 5 | |
UKMO | June 17, 2010 | 20* | N/A | N/A | |
NOAA | August 5, 2010 | 14–20 | 8–12 | 4–6 | |
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– | |||||
Actual activity (up to September 10) |
19 | 12 | 5 | ||
* July–November only. † Most recent of several such occurrences. (See all) |
Philip J. Klotzbach's team at Colorado State University (formerly led by William M. Gray) defined the average number of storms per season (1950 to 2000) as 9.6 tropical storms, 5.9 hurricanes, 2.3 major hurricanes (storms reaching at least Category 3 strength in the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale) and an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index of 96.1.[4] NOAA defines a season as above-normal, near-normal or below-normal by a combination of the number of named storms, the number reaching hurricane strength, the number reaching major hurricane strength and the ACE index.[5]
Pre-season forecasts
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On May 27, 2010, NOAA released their forecast for the season, predicting an "extremely active" season (14 to 23 named storms, eight to fourteen hurricanes, and three to seven major hurricanes of Category 3 or higher). NOAA based its forecast on weaker wind shear, warmer temperatures in the region and the continuance of the "high activity era" (i.e. Atlantic multidecadal oscillation warm phase) which began in 1995. Gerry Bell, lead seasonal hurricane forecaster at NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center, added the main uncertainty in the outlook was how much above normal the 2010 season will be, and whether the high end of the predicted range is reached "depends partly on whether or not La Niña develops this summer. At present we are in a neutral state, but conditions are becoming increasingly favorable for La Niña to develop."[6]
Mid-season outlooks
On June 2, 2010, Klotzbach's team issued their second updated forecast for the 2010 season, predicting 18 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes.[7] The university said it now believes there will be more storms than they believed earlier. The university also said the chance of a major hurricane hitting the U.S. coast is 76 percent, compared to an average of 52 percent for the last 100 years. The chance of a major hurricane hitting the Florida peninsula and the U.S. east coast is 51 percent, compared to an average of 30 percent for the last 100 years.[8] On June 17, the UK Met Office (UKMO) issued a forecast of an above-average season. They predicted 20 tropical storms with a 70% chance that the number would be between 13 and 27. However, they do not issue forecasts on the number of hurricanes and major hurricanes. They also predicted an ACE Index of 204 with a 70% chance that the index would be in the range 90 to 319.[9]
On August 5, NOAA released its mid-season forecast. It was revised slightly downwards, to 14–20 named storms, 8–12 hurricanes, and 4–6 major hurricanes. The agency noted that the new estimate was revised downwards from the initial estimate since the latter included the possibility of even more early season activity. However, NOAA indicated that a La Niña event had in fact developed, and that the conditions for an active season remained in place.[10]
Storms
Hurricane Alex
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 25 – July 2 |
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Peak intensity | 110 mph (175 km/h) (1-min); 946 mbar (hPa) |
On June 12, a tropical wave emerged off Western Africa, and eventually traveled along the Intertropical Convergence Zone. It was first noted by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) on June 20, while it was crossing the Windward Islands. The next day, it organized itself, and the NHC assessed a 50% chance of development into a tropical depression within next 2 days. It became less organized the next day; however, conditions were still favorable for development. On June 24, it began to reestablish south of Jamaica, although it was poorly organized. Later that day, shower activity increased, and pressures began to fall. Hurricane Hunters flew inside it the next day and found a well defined circulation, and based on that data, the NHC began issuing advisories on Tropical Depression One, the first tropical depression of the season.
Early on June 26, the NHC upgraded the depression to a tropical storm and named it Alex. Alex moved west and strengthened before making landfall in Belize with 65 mph winds on June 26. On June 27, Alex emerged into the Bay of Campeche and began to strengthen again. On June 29, after continuous drops in pressure, the Hurricane Hunters found that Alex had strong enough winds to be upgraded to hurricane status. Accordingly, late that night, Alex was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane. This made the storm the first hurricane of the season, and the first June hurricane in the Atlantic since 1995's Hurricane Allison.[11]
Continuing to strengthen, Alex later went on to make landfall at peak intensity as a strong Category 2 hurricane in Soto la Marina with an unusually low barometric pressure reading of 946 millibars (27.96 inHg), typical of a Category 3 or 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
Tropical Depression Two
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 8 – July 9 |
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Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1005 mbar (hPa) |
By July 3, the day after Alex dissipated, a tropical wave was producing two areas of convection across the western Caribbean Sea.[12] The next day, the system began showing signs of organization concurrently with decreasing pressures across the region.[13] After crossing the Yucatán Peninsula and entering the Gulf of Mexico, however, the system became disorganized, although its upper-level environment was forecast to become more favorable.[14] On July 7, the convection became more concentrated,[15] and by July 8 the system organized enough for the National Hurricane Center to initiate advisories on Tropical Depression Two, about 245 miles (495 km) east of La Pesca, Tamaulipas.[16]
Upon developing, the depression was located in an area of warm water temperatures, with relatively low amounts of wind shear. Initially, its inner core of convection was diminishing, coinciding with an increase in outer banding features. With the cyclone forecast to remain over waters for about 24 hours before moving ashore, intensification to tropical storm status was forecast.[16] Tropical storm warnings were immediately put up for the coast of northeastern Mexico and South Texas, the same area impacted heavily by Alex. However, that afternoon, the depression made landfall on South Padre Island, Texas with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h), never having reached tropical storm strength.[17]
Tropical Storm Bonnie
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 22 – July 24 |
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Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 1007 mbar (hPa) |
In early July, a tropical wave emerged from Africa. On July 17, it started to show signs of development while located northeast of the Lesser Antilles. It slowly increased in organization for a few days, moving west-northwestward, until it showed signs of a closed surface circulation and on July 22, it was officially classified by the NHC as Tropical Depression Three while located over the Southeastern Bahamas. That afternoon, the NHC upgraded the tropical depression to a tropical storm and named it "Bonnie".[18]
Bonnie crossed over the Bahamas as a minimal tropical storm, and further went on to make landfall on the southeastern coast of Florida on the morning of July 23.[19] Downgraded to a tropical depression, Bonnie moved into the Gulf of Mexico on July 23.[20] Bonnie was expected to strengthen in the Gulf, bringing it close to hurricane intensity. However, on July 24, the National Hurricane Center stated that Bonnie dissipated over the northern Gulf of Mexico. The remnants of the storm moved ashore in southeastern Louisiana and southwest Mississippi early on the morning of July 25, prompting severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings in the area.
Prior to becoming a tropical depression, the precursor to Bonnie brought significant rainfall to parts of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, leading to widespread flooding. In Puerto Rico, one person drowned as a result of the floods and roughly 6,500 people required evacuation in the Dominican Republic.[21] According to officials in the Dominican Republic, the system produced more than 4 in (100 mm) of rain.[22] Several towns in the country were isolated after bridges collapsed.[21] Some flooding was also reported in the Artibonite Department of Haiti.[22] Its effects in Florida were minimal, and damage totaled about $2,000.[23] Due to the threat of a tropical storm, Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal declared a state of emergency on July 22.[24]
Tropical Storm Colin
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 2 – August 8 |
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Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 1005 mbar (hPa) |
On July 29, the NHC began monitoring an area of low pressure west-southwest of the Cape Verde Islands. The system continued to organize and was upgraded to Tropical Depression Four early on August 2. Early the next day, the depression strengthened further into a tropical storm and was named "Colin". Tracking rapidly westward, the system experienced little strengthening as the unusually small storm, estimated to have gale-force winds covering an area 70 mi (110 km) in diameter, moved through a region of strong wind shear. It degenerated into an remnant low on the afternoon of August 3, however it was mentioned that regeneration into a tropical cyclone was possible.
After almost two days had passed, on August 4, the low reorganized with solid tropical storm-force winds and strong convection northeast of the Lesser Antilles but no well-defined closed circulation.[25] The circulation closed off once again on the afternoon of August 5 south of Bermuda, and Colin was once again a tropical storm. Tropical Storm Colin was downgraded to a tropical depression late morning on August 8[26] and by 2100 UTC had dissipated 60 mi (97 km) northwest of Bermuda.
Tropical Depression Five
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 10 – August 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1007 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Depression Five originated from a surface trough on August 7, extending from the northeast Gulf of Mexico across Florida, connected to a weak non-tropical low pressure area located several hundred miles east-southeast of Jacksonville, Florida. Initially, development was not expected due to its close proximity to land, and strong wind shear.[27] However, it gradually became better organized, and 24 hours later the National Hurricane Center gave it a 50% chance of developing within the next two days.[28] After additional development, the low became a tropical depression late on August 10.[29] It was forecast to become a minimal tropical storm; however, it dissipated the next day. In preparation for the depression, BP suspended operations on a drill for a relief well in the Gulf of Mexico to help plug the oil leak for good.[30]
The remnants then tracked Southward, and moved back into the Gulf of Mexico. NHC stated there was an 80% chance of redevelopment. Although conditions were at first favorable for redevelopment into a tropical depression, the lingering remnant low did not reorganize itself significantly, and eventually moved onshore into Louisiana and dissipated on August 17 over southern Mississippi.
Hurricane Danielle
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 21 – August 30 |
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Peak intensity | 135 mph (215 km/h) (1-min); 942 mbar (hPa) |
On August 19, an area of low pressure moved off the West coast of Africa. Moving through favorable conditions, it developed into Tropical Depression Six near the Cape Verde Islands on August 21, the first of the series of Cape Verde-type storms.[31] On August 22 the system attained tropical storm status, thus earning the name "Danielle". The next day it attained hurricane status, becoming the second of the season and strengthened further to a Category 2 hurricane. On August 24, Danielle suddenly weakened from a Category 2 hurricane to a Category 1 due to unexpected dry air intrusions and westerly shear. Later that day, Danielle briefly weakened to a tropical storm, before restrengthening into a Category 1 hurricane several hours later. Hours later, Danielle restrengthened into a Category 2 and developed an eye in the morning hours of August 26.
On August 27, Danielle strengthened to a Category 3 hurricane, becoming the first major hurricane of the season, and further strengthened to a Category 4 hurricane shortly after. Danielle later weakened to a Category 3, then Category 2 hurricane, and later became a Category 1 Hurricane due to an eyewall replacement cycle, while avoiding land areas. As the storm was moving in a northerly manner, it was not expected to strengthen any more as it would be experiencing increasing wind shear and colder surface waters. It became extratropical late on August 30 southeast of Newfoundland without having directly impacted land. It was fully absorbed by a larger extratropical low on September 3 south of Iceland.
Along the east coast of the United States, two people drowned after being caught in rip currents produced by Hurricane Danielle.[32]
Hurricane Earl
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 25 – September 5 |
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Peak intensity | 145 mph (230 km/h) (1-min); 928 mbar (hPa) |
On August 22, an area of disturbed weather moved off the west coast of Africa. As it neared Cape Verde, the NHC stated there was a 90% chance of tropical cyclone formation. Two days later on August 25, Tropical Depression 7 formed east of Hurricane Danielle. Later that day it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Earl. Unlike its predecessor, it was expected to follow a more southerly track, similar to Tropical Storm Colin in early August. After strengthening to a tropical storm, Earl maintained a minimum pressure of 1003 millibar and winds of 45 mph for nearly two days until it deepened slightly. Its winds increased to 60 mph, and remained that way for 12 hours.
On August 29, 2010, Earl strengthened to become the season's third hurricane. Earl then quickly intensified to a cat. 4 and it become the season's second major hurricane on August 30 as it approached to Puerto Rico and U.S.Virgin Islands; the island of Puerto Rico was battered with maintained tropical storm winds with higher gusts. On September 1, the hurricane weakened to a Category 3 hurricane after an eyewall replacement cycle before becoming a Category 4 again. Earl then weakened back to a Category 3 and further into a Category 2 hurricane.
On September 2, Earl brushed past Cape Hatteras, with conditions being slightly less severe than expected, but still bringing very heavy rain, winds gusting up to hurricane force, and very large waves. Due to strict design requirements of buildings along Cape Hatteras, damage was minimal, with no structural damage reported along the North Carolina coast.[33]
By the following day, the storm had weakened even further to a Category 1 and changed direction to a projected path along the New England coastline. Areas such as the states of New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Southern New York experienced only minimal impact.[34] It weakened further to a tropical storm on the 3rd as it passed to the south-southeast of the New England coastline. Again, conditions were much less severe than expected near Cape Cod, with only minor flooding, beach erosion, and winds gusting up to tropical storm force.[35]
Earl made landfall in the Canadian Maritime Provinces, twice in Nova Scotia and once in Prince Edward Island (PEI) at hurricane intensity (from strong TS to low Category 1 winds). The city of Halifax and regions of the province, as well as eastern PEI, experienced many uprooted trees and power outages reminiscent of Hurricane Juan in 2003, although overall damage was considerably less.
Throughout the Caribbean, Hurricane Earl wrought up to $150 million in damage.[36]
Two deaths were directly attributable to the storm, one in Nova Scotia, one in the Leeward Islands.[37]
Tropical Storm Fiona
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 30 – September 4 |
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Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 998 mbar (hPa) |
An area of disturbed weather moved off the coast of Africa in the fourth week of August behind Hurricane Earl. It struggled to develop until August 30, when gale-force winds and better organization resulted in the development of Tropical Storm Fiona, skipping tropical depression status. It struggled to develop further, however, as it was hindered by high wind shear from the outflow of the much larger and stronger Earl. It managed to briefly strengthen into a 65 mph tropical storm, before slowly weakening into a minimal tropical storm. Almost no convection appeared on radar, but still maintained its tropical storm force winds. It degraded into a tropical wave just south of Bermuda early on September 4, bringing about an inch of rain. The remnants of Fiona drifted northeastwards across the open Atlantic Ocean and was absorbed by a stationary front on September 6. Fiona followed an extremely similar path to Tropical Storm Colin, with much of their paths overlapping.
Tropical Storm Gaston
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 1 – September 2 |
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Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 1005 mbar (hPa) |
An area of disturbed weather emerged off Africa near the end of August. Taking advantage of favorable conditions, it developed into a tropical depression on September 1. It intensified later that day to become Tropical Storm Gaston. The National Hurricane Center forecast Gaston to develop into a hurricane; however, dry air hindered development afterward and weakened it back to a tropical depression and later into a remnant low. Gaston's remnants tracked across the Atlantic, and the NHC gave it 70%-80% chance of redeveloping. However, after it had passed the Leeward Islands, that chance dwindled, and by September 9 the remnants had all but disappeared.
Tropical Storm Hermine
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 6 – September 9 |
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Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min); 989 mbar (hPa) |
Following a series of Cape Verde-type storms, Hermine formed out of an area of disturbed weather in the Bay of Campeche affected by a surface trough. Organization continued and by the very early morning hours on September 6, a tropical depression formed. Later, during the morning hours, the system achieved enough organization to be classified as the eighth tropical storm of the season, and was named Hermine. Significant strengthening took place later that morning, then slow strengthening continued in the afternoon and evening. Before landfall, Hermine had an eye-like feature. Hermine made landfall that evening in northeastern Mexico, south of Matamoros, Tamaulipas, as a strong tropical storm with 65 mph winds. After landfall, Hermine maintained an eye-like feature until shortly after weakening into a depression.
Damage was reported in the Rio Grande Valley region, primarily due to downed trees and power lines and scattered to widespread power outages.[38] A woman drowned in a rip current related to Hermine in Jamaica Beach, Texas.[39] On the evening of September 7, 2010, multiple Tornado Warnings were issued in Austin, Texas, with two confirmed touchdowns east of the city and one in the city. By 10:00 PM (CDT) the NHC issued its final advisory on Hermine.[40] On September 9, Hermine became extratropical after it moved northeast.
Hurricane Igor
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 8 – September 21 |
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Peak intensity | 155 mph (250 km/h) (1-min); 925 mbar (hPa) |
Following the pattern of a classic Cape Verde-type storm, a large and strong area of low pressure associated with broad tropical disturbance wave emerged off Western Africa on September 6. It quickly organized and became a tropical depression during the very early morning hours of September 8 and soon became the ninth tropical storm of the season, Tropical Storm Igor. It formed farther to the east than the previous tropical cyclones in 2010, being named while southeast of the Cape Verde islands.
Interaction with another vigorous tropical low and eastern wind shear weakened the storm on September 9. The interaction and weak steering currents brought the storm almost to a halt, meandering around the Cape Verde islands before weakening to a tropical depression as it absorbed the secondary low. The storm regained tropical storm status on September 10, and began to organize again. It rapidly deepened and briefly developed an eye-like feature early on September 11, which persisted for two hours. As Igor absorbed dry air, a process called entrainment, convection decreased, and much of the convection was displaced south of Igor. The storm strengthened into a hurricane, though, late on September 11.
After some slight strengthening, the storm rapidly strengthened early on September 12, and became a Category 4 hurricane that afternoon. Further intensification continued although at a somewhat slower rate in the evening before leveling out in intensity the next morning as a strong Category 4 storm. As Igor entered an eyewall replacement cycle, its winds decreased a little, but still maintained Category 4 status. However, almost a day later, the eye became better defined, and Igor continued its strengthening streak again, nearly reaching Category 5 intensity early on September 15. However, several hours later, Igor entered another larger eyewall replacement cycle, this time much more obvious, and weakened down to a lower-end Category 4 hurricane. On September 16, Igor reached a diameter of 506 miles (814 kilometres). As it headed toward Bermuda, the storm fluctuated between a moderate to strong Category 2 Hurricane. On September 19, the weakened storm battered Bermuda as a Category 1 hurricane. On September 20, the storm grew further to a size of 661 miles (1,064 kilometres). Prior to becoming fully extratropical the storm grew further to 863 miles (1,389 kilometres). During the day on September 21, eastern regions of Newfoundland experienced tropical storm and hurricane force winds. Damage due to extensive flooding, fallen trees, power outages, and at least one missing person (suspected drowning - confirmed 4 days later with recovery of the body of an 80-year-old resident[41]), were reported.[42] Igor became extratropical east of Newfoundland on September 21. Hurricane Igor's extratropical remnants were completely absorbed by a larger extratropical storm in Baffin Bay on September 26, and the extratropical storm moved into the Greenland glacier at southern Davis Bay, and eventually crossed the Atlantic Ocean to impact Europe.
Warnings of storm tides up to 14 feet were issued by the Haitian Red Cross on September 17, for parts of Northern Haiti as Igor passed to the north.[43]
Hurricane Julia
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 12 – September 20 |
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Peak intensity | 140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min); 948 mbar (hPa) |
Continuing a run of Cape Verde-type storms, Tropical Depression Twelve formed on September 12 from a strong tropical wave which developed near the African Coast. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Julia early on September 13. That day Tropical Storm Julia hit the Cape Verde Islands with strong winds to the where forecasters expect the storm to drop 2 to 4 inches (50 to 100 mm) of rain in the south of the islands. The U.S. National Hurricane Center said the storm had winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) which were expected to be stronger the next day[44][45]. It was the second storm to directly impact the Cape Verde islands in less than a week. During the night of September 14, an eye-like feature developed, and in less than 18 hours Julia intensified into a Category 1 hurricane. Contrary to all of the anticipated forecasts and computer models, rapid intensification commenced early on September 15, and Julia strengthened into a Category 4 storm early that morning, with a peak intensity of 140 mph (220 km/h).[46] Upon reaching this intensity at 31.8°W, Julia became the easternmost Category 4 hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin in the satellite era.[47] However, Julia only maintained Category 4 status briefly, and a few hours later, the eye became ill-defined and the storm weakened to a Category 3. In the morning of September 16, Hurricane Julia continued to weaken to a Category 2 hurricane, 24 hours after it had strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane. After that, slow weakening began, and it weakened to a tropical storm on September 18. On September 20, Julia became extratropical. The remnant low dropped south and then westward over succeeding days, occasionally developing a few thunderstorms near its center. It passed by Bermuda on September 28, and continued to moved westward until it reached the east coast. On September 30, the remnants of Julia completely dissipated though the low-level vortex associated with it was steered by an unusually strong high toward the northeast until it was absorbed by the same extratropical storm that absorbed Nicole.[citation needed]
Hurricane Karl
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 14 – September 18 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 mph (195 km/h) (1-min); 956 mbar (hPa) |
An area of low pressure stalled around the Northern Venezuela coast on September 11. It moved northward and then westward, bringing squally weather to Hispaniola and Jamaica. Convection fluctuated throughout these days. On September 14, the circulation became very well defined and NHC declared the disturbance Tropical Storm Karl, 315 miles east of the Yucatan Peninsula. It made landfall as a strong tropical storm on the morning of September 15. As it moved inland, radar imagery from Belize depicted a developing eye; however, this feature may not have been associated with further strengthening and it is unclear if the system attained hurricane intensity as it moved inland.[48] The system maintained a well-organized structure as it crossed the Yucatan, and held on to tropical storm status. As it emerged over the Bay of Campeche early on September 16, a bout of rapid intensification occurred. Karl became a hurricane on the morning of the 16th, making three active hurricanes in the Atlantic Basin. The quick strengthening continued on the 17th, and became a Category 3 Hurricane. The rapid intensification of Karl marked the first time that a major hurricane was in the Bay of Campeche. The storm made landfall 10 miles north of Veracruz, Mexico on September 17 at 16:30 UTC (11:30 AM CDT). This made it the first major hurricane to make landfall anywhere in the Atlantic basin since Hurricane Ike in 2008, and the first major hurricane to make landfall anywhere on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico since Hurricane Wilma in 2005.
Throughout Quintana Roo, heavy rains from Karl resulted in scattered flooding which forced 150 families from their homes. Aside from the flooding, there were no reports of major damage.[49] At the height of the storm, a total of 54,265 residents were without power; however, most had their electricity restored within a day.[50] World oil prices rose rapidly on September 17 as oil giant Pemex shut down all the wells in the Mexican gulf coast because of the strengthening storm. The prices climbed 54 cents to 75.11 dollars a barrel. [51] The storm weakened late on September 17, and became a tropical storm. A few hours later, Karl weakened into a tropical depression, and then dissipated over the high mountains of southern Mexico at 4:00 CDT, September 18, according to the NHC.
Hurricane Lisa
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 21 – September 26 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min); 982 mbar (hPa) |
On September 20, a low pressure area west of the Cape Verde islands developed into Tropical Depression Fourteen. It intensified to Tropical Storm Lisa just six hours later, the twelfth tropical storm of the Atlantic season. Contrary to all predictions of it turning to the northwest, Lisa moved eastward back towards the Cape Verde islands, due to a strong jet stream that kept it from moving much. It erratically meandered west of the islands for the next day as a weak tropical storm. Its eastward motion was fairly odd for a storm that far south and east in the Atlantic. Lisa weakened to a tropical depression on September 22, but strengthened back to a minimal tropical storm the following day.
The storm rapidly intensified on September 24, and it became a Category 1 hurricane while maintaining a small size and a tiny pinhole eye. During the period of strengthening, Lisa finally justified the predictions of its track, and it moved off to the northwest, remaining a rather small storm. In the late morning of September 25, Lisa lost its hurricane status and weakened to a tropical storm. Following its northward forecast track as predicted, Lisa continued to slowly weaken further over the far eastern Atlantic throughout the rest of the day. On September 26, Lisa weakened to a tropical depression and became a remnant low several hours later, sooner than expected. A few days later, the remnants of Hurricane Lisa impacted the Azores Islands before continuing its journey north. The remnants of Hurricane Lisa then slightly turned east, and on September 30, the remnant low of Lisa was caught up in the jet stream before being completely absorbed by an extratropical storm to the north. Several days later, that same extratropical storm passed over the United Kingdom, bringing several hours of heavy rain to many areas.
Tropical Storm Matthew
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 23 – September 26 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 998 mbar (hPa) |
On September 15 an area of low pressure gradually formed east of the Lesser Antilles. On September 23 the area of low pressure rapidly strengthened into Tropical Depression Fifteen, due to the favorable conditions. It quickly became Tropical Storm Matthew later that day. Early models predicted that Matthew would strengthen into a minimal hurricane as it skirted the Yucatan Peninsula, and then strike Southern Florida as a stronger hurricane. However, as Matthew was moving quicker than expected, it made landfall near the Honduras and Nicaragua border on September 24 as a tropical storm, and Belize soon after. As newer models had predicted, it then stalled inland near the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, drenching a wide surrounding area with torrential rain as it dissipated to a remnant low. The remnants of Tropical Storm Matthew dissipated completely over Mexico, west of the Yucatan Peninsula late on September 28.
Tropical Storm Nicole
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 28 – September 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 995 mbar (hPa) |
On the morning of September 25, the NHC began to monitor a disturbed area of disorganized cloudiness and thunderstorms partially related to Tropical Storm Matthew in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. Environmental conditions appeared to be favorable for further gradual development as it slowly drifted northward, and later that day, the disturbance broadened and a monsoonal low formed. The system gradually became more organized and developed into a tropical depression over the northwestern Caribbean Sea on September 28. Further development took place, and the storm attained tropical storm status on September 29. On that same day, a new circulation developed near east Florida in Nicole, and later became the extratropical storm that would later absorb Nicole on September 30. However, six hours later, Nicole dissipated to a remnant low over the Florida Straits as its circulation center became "untrackable" according to the NHC. Later, the remnants of Nicole became extratropical. On September 30, the remnant low of Tropical Storm Nicole was completely absorbed by a larger mid-latitude storm to the north, which was the same storm that split from Nicole and impacted the east coast, just off the coast of South Carolina. This combination, still known as Nicole in the media, proceeded up the coast and into Canada, causing severe flooding and some fatalities in these regions, before exiting into the Atlantic Ocean on October 4.
Hurricane Otto
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 6 – October 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min); 972 mbar (hPa) |
On September 30, a large area of disturbed weather associated with two tropical waves continued to produce disorganized thunderstorm and shower activity for several days. As the system drifted generally west-northwestward, upper-level winds were forecast to become marginally conducive for development. Although thunderstorm activity had become slightly better organized, the system eventually diminished when the tropical wave to the west dissipated, leaving behind a weak and disorganized surface trough, which was the tropical wave to the east. The system persisted and stalled in the extreme eastern Caribbean Sea for several days as upper-level winds later became significantly favorable for gradual development. On October 5, the low became well-defined, producing a large band of cloudiness and thunderstorms over the northeastern Caribbean. Surface pressure associated with the area dropped as the low acquired some subtropical characteristics, and on October 6, the weather system was designated as Subtropical Depression Seventeen while located 270 mi (435 km) to the north-northwest of San Juan.[52] It strengthened into Subtropical Storm Otto several hours later; however, additional tropical cyclogenesis occurred during the following hours,[53] and Otto transitioned into a tropical storm by October 7. On October 8, the storm further intensified and attained hurricane status shortly after. On the next day Otto began to weaken, and subsequently developed frontal cloud bands and became a cold core system thus the National Hurricane Center issued the last advisory on October 10. The remnant low of Hurricane Otto continued to drift in the Atlantic Ocean until it dissipated near Portugal on October 16.
Hurricane Paula
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 11 – October 15 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min); 981 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave formed on October 5, just north of Panama, and developed an area of low pressure shortly afterwards. The newly-formed surface trough of low pressure in the west-central Caribbean Sea continued to produce disorganized thunderstorms and scattered showers throughout October 7. Any development was expected to be slow to occur, and the nearly stationary system remained rather disorganized in appearance. Environmental conditions gradually became more conducive as the broad low slowly drifted southward, and on October 9, satellite images indicated that the area had significantly increased within organization. That same day, the National Hurricane Center issued a high chance of tropical cyclone formation within the next two days while the system tracked northwestward southeast of Nicaragua. Several days passed while associated shower and thunderstorm activity continued and changed little in organization, but the system retained its progressively defined structure nonetheless. Further observations on October 11 showed an additional increase in definition, and subsequent data collection from an overflying Hurricane Hunter aircraft confirmed the formation of a tropical depression near the northeastern Honduran coast. The system continued to intensify rapidly, and the NHC issued the formation of Tropical Storm Paula later that day, one of only five Atlantic tropical cyclones to ever be given "P" name in the Atlantic basin (the others being Pablo in 1995, Peter in 2003, Philippe in 2005, and Paloma in 2008.) In the early hours of October 12, Paula intensified into a Category 1 hurricane becoming the ninth hurricane of the season. Paula continued to strengthen and was upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane later that day. It was forecast to strengthen a little more; however, the next day, Paula began to weaken and was downgraded to a Category 1 hurricane. On October 14, Paula was further downgraded to a tropical storm as it succumbed to the effects of wind shear, and it weakened to a tropical depression the next day. The remnants of Hurricane Paula continued to impact Cuba until it dissipated on October 16.
Hurricane Richard
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 20 – October 26 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min); 981 mbar (hPa) |
On October 13, a tropical wave formed over Venezuela. During the next 3 days, it drifted into the extreme southwestern Caribbean Sea, and soon developed an area of low pressure, until it stalled just north of Panama. On October 16, the National Hurricane Center began to monitor that area of disturbed weather in association with a weak trough of low pressure over the southwestern Caribbean Sea. The area lingered along the Central-American coastlines for several days, changing little in organization as it gradually broadened. However, the system eventually began to organize itself better as it remained within an environment with favorable conditions aloft. By October 17, the easterly and northerly trade winds flowed into the low, producing a disorganized area of convection, or thunderstorms across the region. For several days the system moved generally west-northwestward toward Central America. Convection increased over the low on October 18, and the National Hurricane Center (NHC) noted the possibility of further organization due to favorable environmental conditions. On October 19 aircraft observations indicated that a broad low-level circulation had formed. Further organization ensued as the system generally drifted eastward, and the next day, it was designated as Tropical Depression Nineteen south of the Cayman Islands. The depression was upgraded to a tropical storm on the morning of October 21, whereupon it was given the name Richard. This marks only the third occasion in the Atlantic basin when a storm was given a name starting with the letter 'R' — the other two being Hurricane Roxanne of 1995 and Hurricane Rita of 2005. On October 24, Richard was upgraded to a hurricane, with further strengthening predicted before landfall in Belize. Shortly before landfall, it developed a small, cloudy eye. It made landfall that evening as a strong Category 1 hurricane south of Belize City. It later weakened to a tropical depression over land as it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula, with its small eye dissipating and much of its cloud structure disappearing. Richard degenerated into a remnant low on October 26, but then turned back east as the system was forced to because of the strong wind shear. After the storm reached the Yucatán Peninsula, the system began turning north until it reached the Gulf of Mexico. The remnants of Hurricane Richard continued to move north over the Gulf of Mexico as it weakened, until the system dissipated completely, late on October 27.
Hurricane Shary
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 28 – October 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); 989 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Shary originated from a weak area of convection associated with an upper-level low that formed on October 27, northeast of the Leeward Islands.[54] By October 28, conditions were becoming favorable for development, allowing thunderstorms to increase and for a low pressure area to form.[55] The overall structure became better defined, and early on October 29 the system developed into Tropical Storm Shary about 350 miles (565 km) southeast of Bermuda. The formation of Shary marked the third time that an Atlantic tropical cyclone received an 'S' naming, the other two being Tropical Storm Sebastien of 1995 and Hurricane Stan of 2005. On October 30, it was upgraded to Category 1 hurricane, in a case of what the NHC described as a case of a small hurricane that would not have been observed before microwave satellite images. Shary became extratropical later that day, and the NHC issued their final advisory on the system. Shary's extratropical remnants soon interacted with a larger extratropical storm to the east. Early on October 31, the extratropical remnants of Hurricane Shary were completely absorbed by that extratropical storm.
Hurricane Tomas
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 29 – November 7 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min); 982 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave, or elongated low pressure area, exited the western coast of Africa on October 25, and was soon embedded within the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Moving quickly westward, the west contained scattered areas of strong convection, or thunderstorms, as well as a broad circulation. The tropical wave moved across the deep tropical Atlantic Ocean during the next few days. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) first mentioned the wave in its Tropical Weather Outlook on October 27 when the system was located about 1200 miles (1940 km) east-southeast of the Lesser Antilles. At the time, the agency assessed a 10% chance for tropical cyclogenesis within 48 hours, noting that conditions would become more favorable for development in a few days. It started to become organized on October 28, and the next day a Hurricane Hunters flight confirmed the development of a surface circulation. As a result, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on Tropical Storm Tomas late on October 29, about 200 miles (320 km) southeast of Barbados. The formation of Tomas marked the third time that an Atlantic tropical cyclone received a 'T' naming, the other two being Hurricane Tanya of 1995 and Tropical Storm Tammy of 2005. Tomas become the twelfth hurricane of the season and crossed the Windward Islands as a Category 1 hurricane. After that, southwesterly shear and dry air weakened Tomas to a tropical storm. Tomas continued to weaken slowly until midnight on November 2. Early on November 2, Tropical Storm Tomas re-intensified slightly, but later weakened to a tropical depression. Then on the evening of November 3, Tomas restrengthened into a tropical storm. Early on November 5, it became a hurricane again as it neared Haiti and Cuba. Early on November 7, Tomas weaken back into a tropical depression. Late on November 7, the NHC issued its last advisory on Tomas as it became as extratropical storm. Early on November 10, the extratropical remnants of Hurricane Tomas were completely absorbed by an extratropical storm, just off the coast of the northeast United States. Tomas affected Costa Rica with heavy rains which caused mudslides and floodings killing 27 Costa Rican citizens and destroying roads and communities. It caused $572 million in damages and killed 41 people, of which 14 were in St. Lucia.
It was feared that Tomas would cause the recent cholera outbreak in Haiti to spread, after the hurricane caused floods in that nation.
Timeline of recent events
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/nd20o5a8e4vfq0egk50st7wytamw2h9.png)
October
- October 26
-
- 1500 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Richard weakens to a remnant low.
- October 29
-
- 0300 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Shary forms southeast of Bermuda.
- 2100 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Tomas forms north of Guyana.
- October 30
-
- 0900 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Shary strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.
- 1500 UTC (11:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Tomas strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.
- 2100 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) – Hurricane Shary weakens to tropical storm strength as it becomes post-tropical.
- October 31
-
- 0600 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Tomas intensifies into a Category 2 hurricane.
- 1500 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Tomas weakens to a Category 1 hurricane.
November
- November 1
-
- 0300 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST October 31) – Hurricane Tomas weakens to a tropical storm.
- November 3
-
- 0900 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Tomas weakens to a tropical depression.
- 2100 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Tomas re-intensifies to a tropical storm.
- November 5
-
- 0900 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Tomas re-intensifies to a hurricane.
- November 6
-
- 0900 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Tomas weakens to a tropical storm.
- November 7
-
- 0000 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT November 6) – Tropical Storm Tomas re-intensifies to a hurricane.
- 1500 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Tomas weakens to a tropical storm.
- 2100 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Tomas becomes extratropical.
Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE)
ACE (104kt²) (Source) — Storm: | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 42.4 | Igor | 11 | 3.61 | Lisa | ||||||||
2 | 27.8 | Earl | 12 | 3.08 | Fiona | ||||||||
3 | 21.8 | Danielle | 13 | 1.88 | Shary | ||||||||
4 | 14.2 | Julia | 14 | 1.87 | Colin | ||||||||
5 | 10.9 | Tomas | 15 | 1.38 | Matthew | ||||||||
6 | 6.78 | Alex | 16 | 1.27 | Hermine | ||||||||
7 | 6.59 | Paula | 17 | 0.368 | Bonnie | ||||||||
8 | 5.80 | Karl | 0.368 | Gaston | |||||||||
9 | 4.66 | Otto | 19 | 0.123 | Nicole | ||||||||
10 | 4.56 | Richard | |||||||||||
Total: 159.5 |
The table on the right shows the ACE for each storm in the season. Broadly speaking, the ACE is a measure of the power of a hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is calculated for only full advisories on specifically tropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 34 knots (39 mph, 63 km/h), or tropical storm strength. Accordingly, tropical depressions are not included here. The ACE also does not include subtropical storms:[56] for example, values for Hurricane Otto do not include the advisories when it was classified as a subtropical storm. Hurricane Igor's ACE is the highest for any Atlantic storm since Hurricane Ivan in the 2004 season, as Igor was strong and long-lasting. During the season, the ACE is based on the operational advisories. Later the NHC reexamines the data, and produces a final report on each storm, which can lead to the ACE for a storm being revised either upward or downward. Until the final reports are issued, ACEs are, therefore, provisional.
Storm names
The following names are available for use on named storms that form in the North Atlantic during 2010. Retired names, if any, will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization in the spring of 2011. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2016 season. This is the same list used in the 2004 season with the exception of Colin, Fiona, Igor, and Julia, which replaced the names of the four major hurricanes that made landfall in Florida in the U.S. in 2004: Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne, respectively.[57] Storms have been named Colin, Fiona, Igor, Julia, Paula, Richard, Shary, and Tomas for the first time this year. Unused names are marked in gray, and names in bold are storms that are currently active.
Season effects
This is a table of the storms in the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season. This table includes the storm's names, duration, peak intensity, landfall(s), damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but are still storm-related. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low. All of the damage figures are in 2010 USD.
Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
|- style="background:#FFD98C" ! align=left | Alex | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="June 25 , 2017" | June 25 – July 2 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="20"|Category 2 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 110 | style="text-align:center;" | 946 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall
|- style="background:#6EC1EA" ! align=left | Two | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="July 8 , 2017" | July 8 – July 9 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5"|Tropical depression | style="text-align:center;" | 35 | style="text-align:center;" | 1005 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact
|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Bonnie | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="July 22 , 2017" | July 22 – July 24 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 40 | style="text-align:center;" | 1005 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall
|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Colin | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="August 2 , 2017" | August 2 – August 8 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 60 | style="text-align:center;" | 1005 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact
|- style="background:#6EC1EA" ! align=left | Five | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="August 10 , 2017" | August 10 – August 11 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5"|Tropical depression | style="text-align:center;" | 35 | style="text-align:center;" | 1007 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact
|- style="background:#FF738A" ! align=left | Danielle | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="August 21 , 2017" | August 21 – August 31 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="40"|Category 4 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 135 | style="text-align:center;" | 942 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact
|- style="background:#FF738A" ! align=left | Earl | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="August 25 , 2017" | August 25 – September 5 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="40"|Category 4 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 145 | style="text-align:center;" | 928 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall
|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Fiona | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="August 30 , 2017" | August 30 – September 4 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 65 | style="text-align:center;" | 998 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact
|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Gaston | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="September 1 , 2017" | September 1 – September 4 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 40 | style="text-align:center;" | 1005 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact
|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Hermine | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="September 6 , 2017" | September 6 – September 9 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 65 | style="text-align:center;" | 991 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact
|- style="background:#FF738A" ! align=left | Igor | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="September 8 , 2017" | September 8 – September 21 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="40"|Category 4 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 155 | style="text-align:center;" | 925 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall
|- style="background:#FF738A" ! align=left | Julia | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="September 12 , 2017" | September 12 – September 20 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="40"|Category 4 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 140 | style="text-align:center;" | 948 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact
|- style="background:#FF9E59" ! align=left | Karl | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="September 14 , 2017" | September 14 – September 18 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="30"|Category 3 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 120 | style="text-align:center;" | 956 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall
|- style="background:#FFFFD9" ! align=left | Lisa | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="September 20 , 2017" | September 20 – September 26 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="10"|Category 1 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 85 | style="text-align:center;" | 982 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact
|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Matthew | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="September 23 , 2017" | September 23 – September 26 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 60 | style="text-align:center;" | 998 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall
|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Nicole | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="September 28 , 2017" | September 28 – September 29 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 40 | style="text-align:center;" | 996 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall
|- style="background:#FFFFD9" ! align=left | Otto | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="October 6 - October 10" | October 6 - October 10 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="10"|Category 1 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 85 | style="text-align:center;" | 972 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact
|- style="background:#FFD98C" ! align=left | Paula | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="October 11 , 2017" | October 11 – October 15 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="20"|Category 2 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 100 | style="text-align:center;" | 981 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall
|- style="background:#FFFFD9" ! align=left | Richard | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="October 20 , 2017" | October 20 – October 26 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="10"|Category 1 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 90 | style="text-align:center;" | 981 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall
|- style="background:#FFFFD9" ! align=left | Shary | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="October 28 , 2017" | October 28 – October 30 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="10"|Category 1 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 75 | style="text-align:center;" | 989 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact
|- style="background:#FFD98C" ! align=left | Tomas | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="October 29 , 2017" | October 29 – November 7 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="20"|Category 2 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 100 | style="text-align:center;" | 982 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats table end
See also
- List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
- 2010 Pacific hurricane season
- 2010 Pacific typhoon season
- 2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2009–10, 2010–11
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2009–10, 2010–11
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2009–10, 2010–11
References
- ^ Masters, Jeff. "Unprecedented Hurricane Tomas pounding the Lesser Antilles". Wunderground.com. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
- ^ Agence France-Presse, September 15, 2010, Rare double hurricanes roil Atlantic
- ^ "Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season". Expert Assessments. Climate Prediction Center. Retrieved 10 June 2010.
- ^ Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray (2009-12-10). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2010" (PDF). Colorado State University. Retrieved 2009-12-10.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (May 22, 2008). "NOAA Atlantic Hurricane Season Classifications". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (May 27, 2010). "NOAA Expects Busy Atlantic Hurricane Season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
- ^ Kate Spinner (June 2, 2010). "Klotzbach and Gray up their forecast for hurricane season". The Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray (2010-06-02). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2010" (PDF). Colorado State University. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
- ^ "Active hurricane season predicted". 17 June 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
- ^ "NOAA Still Expects Active Atlantic Hurricane Season; [[La Niña]] Develops". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2010-08-05. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
{{cite web}}
: URL–wikilink conflict (help) - ^ Brian K. Sullivan (2010-06-30). "Hurricane Alex Gathers Strength as It Nears Mexico". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ Robbie Berg (2010-07-03). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ Blake/Kimberlain (2010-07-04). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ Stewart/Cangialosi (2010-07-05). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ Eric Brown (2010-07-07). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ a b Stewart/Cangialosi (2010-07-08). "Tropical Depression Two Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ Hurricane EARL Update Statement
- ^ "Tropical Depression 3 becomes Bonnie". NHC. July 22, 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2010.
- ^ CNN Wire Staff (2010-07-23). "Tropical Storm Bonnie makes landfall in Florida". CNN. Retrieved 2010-07-23.
{{cite news}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ Dishneau, David; Weber, Harry R. (2010-07-24). "Ships prepare to return to spill as storm weakens". The Sun News. Associated Press. Retrieved 2010-07-24. [dead link]
- ^ a b Template:Es icon Associated Press (July 22, 2010). "Se forma tormenta tropical Bonnie". Impre. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ a b Associated Press (July 23, 2010). "Bonnie Hits Florida on Way to Gulf". CBS News. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~820770
- ^ Staff Writer (July 22, 2010). "Tropical Storm Bonnie forms in the central Bahamas". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "NHC Graphical Outlook Archive". US National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
- ^ "All Products by Site - NOAA's National Weather Service". US National Weather Service. 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
- ^ Stacy Stewart (8-09-2010). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 8-10-2010.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
and|date=
(help) - ^ Stacy Stewart (8-09-2010). "Tropical Weather Outlook (2)". National Hurricane center. Retrieved 8-10-2010.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
and|date=
(help) - ^ "Tropical Depression Five forms". NHC. August 11, 2010. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
- ^ "BP suspends Relief well drilling". The Wall Street Journal. 8-10-2010. Retrieved 8-10-2010.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
and|date=
(help) - ^ Blake (August 21, 2010). "Tropical Depression Six Discussion Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
- ^ Steve Lyttle (August 31, 2010). "Hurricane watch posted; N.C. evacuations planned". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
- ^ 3:21 p.m. Today3:21 p.m. Sept. 8, 2010. "Hurricane Earl spares insurers". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
{{cite web}}
: Text "Comments: 2" ignored (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Dorell, Oren (2010-09-03). "Weakening Hurricane Earl takes aim at New England". USA Today. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
- ^ Adrian Walker (2010-09-04). "Earl doesn't lay a glove on Mass". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
- ^ Anthony R. Wood and Jacqueline L. Urgo (September 2, 2010). "Hurricane Earl likely to spare Jersey Shore". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved September 2, 2010.
- ^ Tara Brautigam The Canadian Press (2010-09-04). "Man drowns as Hurricane Earl barrels through Maritimes". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
- ^ "Hermine Leaves Damage in its Wake". KTSM News Channel 9. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
- ^ "National Weather Service Watch Warning Advisory Summary". US National Weather Service. 2007-05-16. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
- ^ "Final advisory on Hermine". NHC. September 7, 2010. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
- ^ http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/866643--soldiers-help-with-hurricane-igor-relief-in-newfoundland
- ^ http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/864119--reports-of-man-swept-to-sea-as-hurricane-igor-batters-newfoundland?bn=1
- ^ Cochrane, Matthew. "Haiti: Storm surge warning issued for north coast". International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. ReliefWeb. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
- ^ -://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2010/09/13/page/10/
- ^ -://voanews.com/breaking-news/2010/09/13/page/10/
- ^ http://199.9.2.143/tcdat/tc10/ATL/12L.JULIA/trackfile.txt
- ^ Michael J. Brennan (October 23, 2009). "Hurricane Fred Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
- ^ Jack L. Beven (September 15, 2010). "Tropical Storm Karl Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
- ^ Template:Es icon Staff Writer (September 16, 2010). ""Karl" sólo causa inundaciones en Quintana Roo y alerta en Campeche". Yucatan Media. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
- ^ Template:Es icon Staff Writer (September 16, 2010). "Daños eléctricos en Quintana Roo a causa de la tormenta "Karl"". Artículo 7. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
- ^ Pemex (September 17, 2010). "Oil prices rise as hurricane Karl shuts platforms". AFP. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ Blake, Eric (2010-09-06). "Subtropical Depression Seventeen Advisory Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ Blake, Eric (2010-10-06). "Subtropical Depression Seventeen Discussion Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ^ Richard Pasch/Todd Kimberlain (2010-10-27). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-10-28.
- ^ Eric Blake/Daniel Brown (2010-10-28). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-10-28.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (May 27, 2010). "Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ "Retired Hurricane Names Since 1954". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 29 November 2009.