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*Relieved 1951-02-01 from assignment to the [[11th Airborne Division (United States)|11th Airborne Division]].
*Relieved 1951-02-01 from assignment to the [[11th Airborne Division (United States)|11th Airborne Division]].
*Regiment Assigned 1956-07-01 to the [[101st Airborne Division (United States)|101st Airborne Division]].
*Regiment Assigned 1956-07-01 to the [[101st Airborne Division (United States)|101st Airborne Division]].
*1st Battalion Reorganized and redesignated 1957-03-01 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Airborne Battle Group, 187th Infantry, relieved from assignment to the 101st Airborne Division, and assigned to the [[11th Airborne Division (United States)|dannie jones]] (organic elements concurrently constituted and activated).
*1st Battalion Reorganized and redesignated 1957-03-01 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Airborne Battle Group, 187th Infantry, relieved from assignment to the 101st Airborne Division, and assigned to the [[11th Airborne Division (United States)|11TH Infantry Divison]] (organic elements concurrently constituted and activated).
*On 1957-04-25, the following actions took place:
*On 1957-04-25, the following actions took place:
#Regimental Headquarters Relieved from assignment to the 101st Airborne Division; concurrently reorganized and redesignated as the 187th Infantry Regiment, a parent regiment under the [[Combat Arms Regimental System]].
#Regimental Headquarters Relieved from assignment to the 101st Airborne Division; concurrently reorganized and redesignated as the 187th Infantry Regiment, a parent regiment under the [[Combat Arms Regimental System]].

Revision as of 15:18, 16 September 2010

187th Infantry Regiment
Coat Of Arms
Active1943–present
CountryUnited States
AllegianceRegular Army
BranchInfantry
Part of101st Airborne Division
Garrison/HQFort Campbell
Nickname(s)Rakkasans[1]
Motto(s)Ne Desit Virtus
Infantry ColorsBlue and White
EngagementsWorld War II
Korean War
Vietnam War
War in Southwest Asia
Afghanistan Campaign
Iraq Campaign
Insignia
Distinctive Unit Insignia

Template:US Regiments

Obsolete shoulder patch for the 187th Infantry Regiment

The 187th Infantry Regiment (Rakkasans [1]) is a regiment of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) of the United States Army.

The regimental motto is the Latin "Ne Desit Virtus" ("Let Valor Not Fail"). The nickname "The Rakkasans" is derived from the Japanese word for umbrella. The name was given to the 187th during its tour in occupied Japan following World War II. When a translator dealing with local Japanese dignitaries was trying to explain what their unit was trained to do (and not knowing the Japanese word for "airborne soldiers") he used the phrase "falling down umbrella men", or rakkasan. Amused by the clumsy word, the locals began to call the troopers by that nickname; it soon stuck and became a point of pride for the unit.

Currently, the 1st Battalion - 187th Infantry and the 3rd Battalion - 187th Infantry are active in the 101st Airborne's 3rd Brigade Combat Team.

Heraldic Achievements

Coat of Arms

Blazon

  • Shield: Azure on a pale nebuly Argent a double handed sword erect Gules.
  • Crest: On a wreath Argent and Azure between a Japanese city symbol Gules and a mullet of seven points per fess wavy of the last and of the second, a sea lion Or charged on the shoulder with a heart Purpure and holding in his dexter paw a sword bendwise of the first with hilt and pommel of the fourth the blade notched three times to base of the third.
  • Motto: NE DESIT VIRTUS (Let Valor Not Fail).

Symbolism

  • Shield:
  1. Blue is for the Infantry.
  2. The partition line of the pale heraldically representing clouds and the doubled-handed sword, an ancient infantry weapon, symbolizes the character of the organization as an Airborne Infantry unit.
  • Crest: The golden seal lion, adapted from the seal of the President of the Philippines, represents the award of the Philippine Presidential Unit Streamer for the campaign on Manarawat, scene of the first combat jump of the 187th.
  1. The heart on the lion's shoulder points out the action on Purple Heart Hill.
  2. The winged sword with three notches in the blade signifies the unit's score of three combat jumps, one in the Philippines and two in Korea.
  3. The red diamond shape is the insignia of the city of Yokohama, Japan, where the 187th landed as the first American combat troops and began four years of occupation duty.
  4. The seven-pointed star, divided in the manner of the Korean Taeguk stands for the unit's seven campaigns in that country.

Background

  1. The coat of arms was originally approved on 1952-12-15 for the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment.
  2. It was redesignated for the 187th Infantry Regiment on 1958-02-07.
  3. On 1965-04-15 the coat of arms was amended to add a crest.
  4. On 1984-12-19 the symbolism was amended to more accurately reflect the three notches in the blade of the winged sword.

Distinctive Unit Insignia

  • Description: A silver color metal and enamel device 1 1/8 inches (2.86 cm) in height overall consisting of the coat of arms of the organization blazoned: Azure on a pale nebuly Argent a double handed sword erect Gules attached below a silver scroll inscribed "NE DESIT VIRTUS" in black letters.
  • Symbolism:
  1. Blue is for the Infantry.
  2. The partition line of the pale heraldically representing clouds and the doubled-handed sword, an ancient infantry weapon, symbolizes the character of the organization as an Airborne Infantry unit.
  • Background:
  1. The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved on 1952-12-15 for the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment.
  2. On 1957-04-03 it was amended to add the motto.
  3. The insignia was redesignated on 1958-02-07 for the 187th Infantry Regiment.

Lineage

  • Regiment Constituted 1942-11-12 in the Army of the United States as the 187th Glider Infantry Regiment.
  • Assigned 1943-02-25 to the 11th Airborne Division and activated at Camp Mackall, North Carolina.
  • Allotted 1948-11-15 to the Regular Army.
  • Reorganized and redesignated 1949-06-30 as the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment
  • Reorganised as the 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team on 1 Aug 1950 and posted to Japan where it served in the Korean War[2]
  • Relieved 1951-02-01 from assignment to the 11th Airborne Division.
  • Regiment Assigned 1956-07-01 to the 101st Airborne Division.
  • 1st Battalion Reorganized and redesignated 1957-03-01 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Airborne Battle Group, 187th Infantry, relieved from assignment to the 101st Airborne Division, and assigned to the 11TH Infantry Divison (organic elements concurrently constituted and activated).
  • On 1957-04-25, the following actions took place:
  1. Regimental Headquarters Relieved from assignment to the 101st Airborne Division; concurrently reorganized and redesignated as the 187th Infantry Regiment, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System.
  2. 2nd Battalion Reorganized and redesignated Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2nd Airborne Battle Group, 187th Infantry, and remained assigned to the 101st Airborne Division (organic elements concurrently constituted and activated)
  3. 3rd Battalion Inactivated at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, and relieved from assignment to the 101st Airborne Division; concurrently redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3rd Airborne Battle Group, 187th Infantry
  1. 1st Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment constituted and activated at Fort Benning, Georgia, as an element of the 11th Air Assault Division.
  2. 2nd Battle Group relieved from assignment to the 101st Airborne Division
  3. 3rd Battalion Relieved from assignment to the 11th Air Assault Division and assigned to the 101st Airborne Division
  • 2nd Battle Group Inactivated 1964-02-03 at Fort Campbell, Kentucky.
  • 1st Battle Group Inactivated 1964-05-25 at Fort Bragg, North Carolina; concurrently consolidated with the 1st Battalion, 187th Infantry, and consolidated unit designated as the 1st Battalion, 187th Infantry, an element of the 11th Air Assault Division (later redesignated as the 11th Airborne Division)
  • On 1983-10-01, the following actions took place:
  1. 187th Infantry Regiment Regiment Withdrawn from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System
  2. 1st Battalion Relieved from assignment to the 11th Airborne Division, assigned to the 193rd Infantry Brigade, and activated in Panama.
  3. 2nd Battle Group Redesignated as the 2d Battalion, 187th Infantry, assigned to the 193rd Infantry Brigade, and activated in Panama
  1. 1st Battalion activated at Fort Campbell, Kentucky and assigned to 101st Airborne Division.
  2. 2nd Battalion activated at Fort Campbell, Kentucky and assigned to 101st Airborne Division.

Honors

Campaign Participation Credit

  1. New Guinea;
  2. Leyte;
  3. Luzon (with arrowhead)
  1. UN Offensive (with arrowhead);
  2. CCF Intervention;
  3. First UN Counteroffensive (with arrowhead);
  4. CCF Spring Offensive;
  5. Korea, Summer-Fall 1952;
  6. Korea, Summer 1953
  1. Counteroffensive, Phase III;
  2. Tet Counteroffensive;
  3. Counteroffensive, Phase IV;
  4. Counteroffensive, Phase V;
  5. Counteroffensive, Phase VI;
  6. Tet 69/Counteroffensive;
  7. Summer-Fall 1969;
  8. Winter-Spring 1970;
  9. Sanctuary Counteroffensive;
  10. Counteroffensive, Phase VII;
  11. Consolidation I;
  12. Consolidation II
  1. Defense of Saudi Arabia;
  2. Liberation and Defense of Kuwait

Decorations

  1. TAGAYTAY RIDGE
  2. SUKCHON
  3. TRANG BANG
  4. DONG AP BIA MOUNTAIN
  1. INCHON
  1. BINH DUONG PROVINCE
  2. THUA THIEN PROVINCE
  1. VIETNAM 1968
  2. SOUTHWEST ASIA
  1. KOREA 1950-1952
  2. KOREA 1952-1953

World War II

Originally Constituted in World War II as the 187th Glider Infantry Regiment[3] on November 12, 1942, and activated on February 25, 1943 at Camp Mackall, North Carolina, A two battalion glider regiment assigned to the 11th Airborne Division, the men of the 187th trained both as glider and parachute troops. They moved to Camp Polk on 1944-01-09 for Glider training. The regiment Staged at Camp Stoneman, California on 1944-04-29, and Departed from the San Francisco Port of Embarkation on 1944-05-06.

The regiment arrived in New Guinea on 1944-05-29 and joined the New Guinea Campaign. The regiment departed New Guinea on 1944-11-11, and arrived on Leyte on 1944-11-18 to join the Leyte Campaign.

The Regiment left Leyte, and joined the Luzon Campaign by assaulting Nasugbu Point Luzon on 1945-01-31, blocking Japanese forces as part of the advance on Manila from the south. From then until April the 187th fought their way from Nichols Field, Fort McKinley, and Manila to Mount Macolod and Malepunyo.

In May the 187th moved into Lipa to refit, rebuild, and prepare for the invasion of Japan. At this time the 3rd Battalion was formed and the regiment was redesignated a para-glider regiment.

The regiment was attached to the Provost Marshal General, US Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) from 1945-06-01 through 1945-07-27 at Manila. The campaigns in the Philippines were declared completed on 1945-07-04, The regiment moved to Okinawa on 1945-08-12 for Occupation Duty, with the war coming to an end on 1945-08-14. The regiment subsequently moved to Japan on 1945-08-30, and was alleged to be the first foreign ground combat unit to enter that nation.

After World War II

In April 1949 the regiment returned to the United States and was stationed at what was then Camp Campbell, Kentucky. It was redesignated the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment on 1949-06-30 and was part of the 11th Airborne Division.[3] In early 1950 the 187th participated in "Operation Swarmer," the largest peacetime airborne maneuver in history.

Korean War

403rd TCW C-119s drop the 187th RCT over Korea, 1952.

The 187th was selected as an airborne regimental combat team responding to the crisis in Korea.

On 1 August 1950 the regiment became the 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team (ARCT) when supporting units were added and deployed to Japan, arriving on 20 September 1950. The advance party of the Third Battalion of the Rakkasans was the first to arrive in Korea, arriving at Kimpo Airfield on 23 September. On 24 September, it was placed under the operational control of the First Marine Division, relieving the 2d Battalion of the 7th Marine Regiment, arriving almost a week after Douglas MacArthur's surprise landing at Inchon on 17 September 1950. One month later, on 20 October 1950, the regiment made successful combat parachute assaults on the town of Sukchon (Sukehon-sunchon), North Korea as part of the Battle of Pakchon. The published purpose of that drop was to capture members of the North Korean Government fleeing Pyongyang and also to free American POW's being moved from Pyongyang toward the Manchurian border. Neither objective was realized. Followed by battles at Suan, Wonju, Kaesong, Munsan-ni, and Inje. The 187th led the second and last parachute assault in Korea on 23 March 1951. Under BG Thomas J. H. Trapnell, it redeployed to Japan on 26 June 1951 where it became a strategic reserve but returned to Korea on 24 May 1952 to assist in the suppression of the prisoner rebellion at the Koje-do POW camp (completed on 10 June). It once more returned to Japan on 18 October 1952 but made its final return to Korea on 22 June 1953. The unit returned the United States in July 1955 and, the following year, became part of the newly reactivated 101st Airborne Division, Fort Campbell, KY.[3]

The 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team consisted of the following units: The following units were assigned by General Order 34 (Confidential) Headquarters 11th Airborne Division.

  • 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment
  • 674th Airborne Field Artillery Battalion (105mm)
  • Battery "A", 88th Airborne Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
  • Company "A", 127th Airborne Engineer Battalion

The following units were added on 23 August 1950 by General Order 41, 11th Airborne Division dated 22 August 1950.

  • Detachment 11th Airborne Military Police Company
  • Detachment 11th Airborne Quartermaster
  • Parachute Maintenance Company1st Pathfinders from 11th Airborne

The following units were attached on 26 August 1950 per General Order 42, Headquarters 11th Airborne Division dated 25 August 1950.

  • Platoon, Ambulance Company, 11th Airborne Medical Battalion
  • Platoon, Clearing Company, 11th Airborne Medical Battalion

On 28 August 1950, Operations Order Number 1, IX Corps, the 2348th Quartermaster Air Packaging and Resupply Company was attached to the Command of Colonel Bowen, Sr.

Attached units
  • 2nd and 4th Ranger Infantry Companies (Airborne) (3 March 1951 - 4 April 1951)
  • 5-man FECOM Tactical Liaison Office Team, 8177th Army Unit. (Tactical Intelligence)

Note: Many personnel from the 511PIR in the 11th Airborne Division were transferred to the 187th ARCT to bring it up to full strength for overseas deployment. [4]

During the Korean War, three members of the Regiment were awarded the Medal of Honor, Lester Hammond, Jr., Rodolfo P. Hernandez and Richard G. Wilson.

Post Korean War and Air Mobility

When the Pentomic concept that replaced regiments and battalions with battle groups was introduced in 1957, Companies A, B, and C of the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment were redesignated as HHCs of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Airborne Battle Groups, 187th Infantry, respectively. The 1st ABG, 187th Inf was assigned to the 11th Airborne Division in Germany from 1 March 1957 to 1 July 1958, when the 11th was inactivated and reflagged as the 24th Infantry Division. During its assignment to the 24th it was involved in the Lebanon intervention. On 8 February 1959 it was relieved from the 24th, rotated back to the United States and was assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, NC. Its colors were inactivated on 25 May 1964 and concurrently consolidated with the 1st Battalion, 187th Infantry (constituted and activated 1 February 1964 at Fort Benning, Georgia, as an element of the 11th Air Assault Division, and the consolidated unit designated as the 1st Battalion, 187th Infantry, an element of the 11th Air Assault Division (Test) at Fort Benning, GA. It was inactivated on 30 June 1965 when the 11th Air Assault Division and 2nd Infantry Division were combined to form the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), during which time the elements of both the 11th and 2nd were reflagged with new designations.

The 2nd ABG, 187th Inf remained assigned to the 101st Airborne Division and was inactivated on 1 February 1964 when the Army abandoned the Pentomic structure in favor of brigades and battalions.

The 3rd ABG, 187th Infantry was not active during the Pentomic era. The colors were redesignated on 1 February 1963 as HHC, 3d Battalion, 187th Infantry, assigned to the 11th Air Assault Division (Test) at Fort Benning, GA, and activated on 7 February 1963. It was relieved from the 11th on 1 February 1964 and the colors were assigned to the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, KY. There was no transfer of troops or equipment; instead, the existing 3-187th at Fort Benning was reflagged as 1-187th.

Vietnam War[5]

Administrative
Headquarters
Forward
Headquarters
Arrival Major Command
3/187th Infantry Regiment arrived in Vietnam on 1967-12-16
Phuoc Vinh Phuoc Vinh December, 1967 3/101 Airborne Division
Dak To June, 1968
Cu Chi July, 1968
Long Binh October, 1968 3/101 Airborne Division (Airmoble)
Bien Hoa Phong Dien November, 1968
Ta Bat July, 1969
A Shau Valley Berchtesgaden Fire Support Base August, 1969
Bien Hoa Ta Bat September, 1969
Phong Dien October, 1969
Mai Loc November, 1969
Phong Dien Phong Dien December, 1969
Huế Phu Bai September, 1970
Camp Carroll Camp Carroll March, 1971
April, 1971 1/5th Infantry Division (Mechanized)
Huế Phu Bai May, 1971 3/101st Airborne Division (Airmobile)
August, 1971 US Army Forces, Military Region 2
November, 1971 3/101st Airborne Division (Airmobile)
3/187th Infantry Regiment departed Vietnam on 1971-12-10

The 3/187th Inf. exploits from May 10th - May 20th 1969 on hill 937 in the A Shau Valley were later put on the silver screen in 1987 using the hills nickname Hamburger Hill as the title. For this action the Unit received the Presidential Unit Citation for the valor shown over 11 assaults on the hill.

Post Vietnam

When the 101st returned from Viet Nam, most of its personnel in the rank of staff sergeant and below were discharged upon arrival at Oakland, California, or Seattle, Washington. What remained largely consisted of a command group of staff officers and senior NCOs. The division settled into buildings recently vacated by the "U.S. Army Training Center, Fort Campbell, Kentucky."

When the 101st was rebuilt, the separate 173rd Airborne Brigade was inactivated and its assets used to form the 3rd Brigade as an Airborne unit consisting of 1-503rd INF, 2-503rd INF, and 3-187th INF. The partial Airborne capability also extended to supporting units of the division (i.e., one company of three in a supporting unit was Airborne). This lasted only until April 1974, when jump status for the 3rd Brigade was terminated, and the Airmobile Badge (renamed Air Assault Badge later that year) was introduced.

In October 1983 the 1st, 2d, and 4th Battalions, 187th Infantry, were activated, and on November 21, 1984 a 5th Battalion was activated. The 1st and 2nd Battalions were assigned to the 193rd Infantry Brigade in Panama and the 3rd, 4th and 5th were assigned to the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) at Fort Campbell. The 4th and 5th were created by reflagging the existing 1-503rd and 2-503rd, the colors of which were soon reactivated in Korea within the 2nd Infantry Division. The Panama-based 2-187th included one Airborne company (Moatengators) within the battalion, and later jump status was expanded to the entire battalion. 2/187th was the last Airborne Battalion of the 187th. During a realignment of the United States Army's combat forces in 1987 the 1st and 2d Battalions were inactivated and the 5th and 4th Battalions were reflagged as the 1st and 2d Battalions, respectively. Upon moving to the 101st, the 187th became Air Assault.

From September 1988 through March 1989, 1st Battalion reorganized as Task Force 1-187 and deployed to the Sinai Desert, Egypt as the United States' contingent of the Multinational Force and Observers peacekeeping mission .

First Iraq War

In September 1990 the Rakkasans were deployed to Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Shield. In February 1991 two companies from the 1st Battalion captured 434 Iraqi soldiers during the air assault into Objective Weber and on February 25 the Rakkasans conducted the deepest and largest air assault operation in history. Striking 155 miles (249 km) behind enemy lines into the Euphrates river valley, the assault led to the timely defeat of Iraqi forces and ensured a total allied victory. The unit moved farther north than any other unit during Operation Desert Storm.

Between the Gulf Wars

From 1991 to 1993 the 3/187 was commanded by Lt Colonel David H. Petraeus who renamed the battalion the Iron Rakkasans after the physical training test he created.

In 1995 The Iron Rakkasans was redesignated as Task Force 3-187 and deployed to the Sinai Peninsula in July 1995. The Iron Rakassans were responsible for the southern portion of Zone C and based at South Camp, Sharm el Shiek, Egypt. During the deployment, they were instrumental in the recovery of casualties from an accident near one of the sector control centers and evacuating them to hospitals utilizing Multinational Forces Helicopters. On November 23, 1995, a 7.1 earthquake hit the Sinai Peninsula. Again the Iron Rakkasans performed road recon and rescue operations throughout the peninsula. For the Iron Rakkasans actions during their deployment, they earned a Presidential Unit Citation for their actions during the deployment. The unit returned to the United States in January 1996.

Afghanistan and Iraq

Soldiers of 3rd Battalion run to a Black Hawk helicopter after conducting a search for weapons caches in Albu Issa, Iraq.

In early 2002 the Rakkasans deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom where they most notably participated in Operation Anaconda in the eastern Shah-i-Khot region. The 2nd Battalion (Raider Rakkasans) as well as C company 1st Battalion were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for combat valor during this period.

In 2003, the Rakkasans, commanded by Colonel Mike Linnington, were deployed to Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom. The 3rd Battalion, 187th Infantry was temporarily attached to the 3rd Infantry Division and accompanied them during the push into Baghdad. While attached to the 3rd Infantry Division, 3rd Battalion, 187th Infantry became one of the first units to invade Baghdad, for this feat the 3rd Battalion (Iron Rakkasans) were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation. Before moving north to Ninevah province, the Rakkasans conducted extensive stability and support operations in Baghdad's southeast sector. The Rakkasans conducted the majority of their operations in the northwest of Ninevah province with the 1st Battalion, 187th Infantry focusing efforts around Tallafar, Zumar, and Avgani. The 2nd Battalion, 187th Infantry worked primarily around Sinjar and Biaj, and the 3rd Battalion was headquartered in Rabia.

They returned to Fort Campbell in 2004 and redeployed to Iraq again in the fall of 2005. During their second tour in Iraq, they focused operations in Salah ad Din province, with the 3rd Battalion, and 1/33 Cavalry regiment temporarily detached for operations in Baghdad and a Ninevah province. The brigade commander was Colonel Michael D. Steele. It was during this deployment that the brigade conducted "Operation Swarmer", one of the largest combat operations in Iraq since the initial invasion. Rakkasans worked with Iraqi Army soldiers throughout Salah ad Din province defeating insurgents, Al Qaeda cells, and uncovering numerous caches of weapons and explosives.[6].

In October 2007 the Rakkasans again deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom 07-09 led by brigade commander Col. Dominic Caraccilo. The brigade was headquartered at Camp Striker near Baghdad with an area of operation that extended from the Euphrates river in the west to the Tigris in the east and ran south from Baghdad to Al-Mahmudiyah. This area included the Triangle of Death which had seen significant violence in the war and was often a staging area for the insurgency. As a unit following the surge, the Rakkasans manned combat outposts throughout the rural areas to provide local security for the populace, partner with Iraqi defense and police forces, and facilitate numerous economic and developmental projects. When the Rakkasans redeployed to Fort, Campbell at the end of their tour in November 2008, they did not transfer authority to an incoming U.S. military unit. Instead, the area became the responsibility of the partnered Iraqi forces marking a significant step in the transference of security and authority from coalition forces to the Iraqis.[7][8]

Notable Rakkasans

In Film

The "Rakkasans" are portrayed in the 1987 movie Hamburger Hill.

See also

References

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from 187th Infantry Lineage and Honors. United States Army Center of Military History.