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Huang (surname)

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Huang
Simplified Chinese character representing Huang
Romanization
PronunciationHuáng (Mandarin Pinyin)
Wong4 (Cantonese Jyutping)
N̂g / Ûiⁿ (Hokkien Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
Language(s)Chinese
Origin
MeaningHuang Kingdom or Yellow
Region of originChina
Other names
Derivative(s)Hutomo, Widodo, Wijaya, Winata, Witular, Wiyono (Chinese-Indonesian)
Ancestral Hall of the Huang Family in Majianglong, Kaiping, China

Huang (/ˈhwɑːŋ/;[1] traditional Chinese: 黃; simplified Chinese: 黄) is a Chinese surname. While Huáng is the pinyin romanization of the word, it may also be romanized as Hwang, Wong, Waan, Wan, Waon, Hwong, Vong, Hung, Hong, Bong, Eng, Ng, Uy, Wee, Oi, Oei, Oey, Ooi, Ong, or Ung due to pronunciations of the word in different dialects and languages. It is the 96th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.[2]

This surname is known as Hwang in Korean. In Vietnamese, the name is known as Hoàng or Huỳnh.

Huang is the 7th most common surname in China. Hoang/Huynh is the 5th most common surname in Vietnam.[3] The population of Huangs in China and Taiwan was estimated at more than 35 million in 2020; it was also the surname of more than 2 million overseas Chinese, 5.7 million Vietnamese (6%), and an estimated 1 million Koreans (The 2015 census of South Korea revealed it was the surname for 697,171 South Koreans, ranked 16th).[4]

Huang is also the pinyin romanization of the very rare surname 皇.

Pronunciations/transliterations

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Origins

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Huang is an ancient surname. According to tradition, there are several different origins of the surname, for example as descendants of Bo Yi, Lu Zhong (陸終) or Tai Tai (臺駘).[5] There were also at least three Huang Kingdoms during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. Most of the people with the surname Huang could track back their ancestors to one of the Huang Kingdoms.[citation needed]

Dong Yi Tribe 東夷

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The Dong Yi or Eastern Barbarians were ancient people who lived in eastern China during the prehistoric period. They were one of the Four Barbarians in Chinese culture, along with the Northern Di 北狄, the Southern Man 南蠻, and the Western Rong 西戎. The Dong Yi tribe was the tribal alliance group that consisted of nine tribes in the Huai River Basin 淮水流域: Quan Yi 畎夷, Yu Yi 於夷, Fang Yi 方夷, Huang Yi 黃夷, Bai Yi 白夷, Chi Yi 赤夷, Xuan Yi 玄夷, Feng Yi 風夷 and Yang Yi 陽夷. The Dong Yi tribe people used different birds as their totems and for Huang Yi 黃夷 tribe, Yellow Oriole 黃鶯 was the totem. Later when the people from Huang Yi 黃夷 tribe moved and settled in different parts of China, they adopted Huang 黃 as their surname.[6][7]

Ying Clan 嬴姓

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Shaohao 少皋 had a son, Gao Yao and Gao Yao had a son, Bo Yi. Bo Yi helped Emperor Shun and Yu the Great control the Great Flood and got surname Ying (嬴) at early Xia dynasty period. Bo Yi married Emperor Shun's youngest daughter and had three sons (some accounts mentioned only two sons – Da Lian and Ruo Mu):

Xia Yu awarded the Huang kingdom to Da Lian, and his descendants are known as the Huangs. There are total of 14 clans derived from Bo Yi Ying Clan: Lian (廉), Xu (徐), Jiang (江), Qin (秦), Zhao (趙), Huang (黃), Liang (梁), Ma (馬), Ge (葛), Gu (谷), Miao (繆), Zhong (鍾), Fei (費), and Qu (瞿). Rulers of Qin Kingdom, Zhao Kingdom, Qin dynasty and Song dynasty could trace back their ancestor to Bo Yi. Hata Clan (秦氏) of Japan, and Aisin Gioro Clan, Irgen Gioro Clan and Gioro Clan of Manchuria (one of several different opinions) were also derived from Bo Yi Ying Clan.

Ji Clan 姬姓

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The lineage of Huang Clan from the Yellow Emperor is as follows: 1) Yellow Emperor 黃帝 -> 2) Chang Yi 昌意 -> 3) Zhuanxu Emperor 顓頊帝 -> 4) Da Ye 大業 (aka Ye the Great) -> 5) Shao Dian 少典 -> 6) Nu Shen 女莘 -> 7) Da Fei 大費 (aka Fei the Great) -> 8) Juan Zhang 卷章 -> 9) Wu Hui 吳回 (also known as Zhurong) -> 10) Lu Zhong 陸終 -> 11) Hui Lian 惠連 (Some accounts state that Hui Lian is son of Fan Ren, son of Lu Zhong). Lu Zhong had six sons:

  • Eldest Son Fan 樊 (also known as Fan Ren 樊人 or Kun Wu 昆吾) – Legendary Pottery Inventor and Founder of Kunwu Kingdom 昆吾國,
  • Second Son Ding 定 (also known as Hui Lian 惠连 or Can Hu 參胡) – Founder of Huang Kingdom 黃國,
  • Third Son Qian (also known as Qian Keng 钱铿) – Legendary God of Longevity and Founder of Da Peng Kingdom 大彭國,
  • Fourth Son Qiu 求 (also known as Qiu Yan 求言 or Kuai Ren 鄶人)- Founder of Kuai Kingdom 鄶國,
  • Fifth Son Yan An 晏安 (also known as Cao An 曹安 or Zao An 遭安) – Founder of Zhu Kingdom 邾國, and
  • Sixth Son Ji 季 (also known as Ji Lian 季连) – Founder of Chu Kingdom 楚國.

In 2220 BC during the reign of Emperor Yao 帝堯, Hui Lian 惠連 scored merits in harnessing river floods. Emperor Yao conferred on Hui Lian the title of Viscount 子 (but the nobility system of ancient China is still not clear) and the state of Can'hu 參胡 (in present-day region of Fenyang, Shanxi province). Emperor Yao renamed Can'hu as State of Huang, and bestowed on Hui Lian the surname Huang 黃 and the name "Yun" 雲. Hence, Hui Lian was also known as Huang Yun 黃雲 or Nan Lu 南陆. Hui Lian became the Progenitor of the Huang surname clan. During Western Zhou dynasty, the rulers of the Huang State was given the title of Duke 公. The descendants of Huang Yun (Hui Lian) ruled the Huang State of Shanxi until the early Spring and Autumn period (722 BC-481 BC) when it was conquered by the State of Jin.

Another lineage of Huang Clan from the Yellow Emperor is as follows: 1) Yellow Emperor 黃帝 -> 2) Shao Hao 少昊 -> 3) Jiao Ji 嬌極 -> 4) Hui Gong 揮公 -> 5) Mei 昧 -> 6) Tai Tai 臺駘. Tai Tai helped Zhuan Xu Emperor 顓頊, and he and his descendants (Jin Tian Clan 金天氏) were enfeoffed with Fen Zhou 汾州 at Fen River 汾河 which was further divided into four kingdoms – Huang Kingdom 黃國, Shen Kingdom 沈國, Ru Kingdom 蓐國 and Si Kingdom 姒國.

Development and emigration

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In 891 BC King Xiao of Zhou conferred on the 53rd generation descendant of Hui Lian, Huang Xi 黃熙 (aka Huang Shi 黃石) the nobility of 'Hou' 侯 (marquis) and a fiefdom in the region east of the Han river 漢水 (in present-day region of Yicheng, Hubei province) called 'Huang' 黃 (Not to be confused with the Huang State of Fenyang, Shanxi) with the four states Jiang 江, Huang 黃 (founded by 伯益 Bo Yi's descendants), Dao 道, and Bo 柏 in the Huang river 潢水 valley as vassals. The Huang State of Yicheng, Hubei was known as the Western Huang (Xi Huang 西黃) in history.

During the Jin dynasty (266–420), when northern China was invaded by the barbarian tribes, many northerners (especially the aristocratic clans) moved to south China with the Jin court. It was during this period that the Huang clansmen migrated to Fujian.

According to Min Shu 閩書 (Book of Min) (Quoted from Chung Yoon-Ngan): "During the second year (of the reign) of Yongjia (308AD) the Central Plain was in chaos and the eight clans:- Lin 林, Huang 黃, Chen 陳, Zheng 鄭, Zhan 詹, Qiu 邱, He 何, and Hu 胡, entered Min 閩 (present day Fujian province, China)."

From the Tang dynasty (618–907) onwards, many Han Chinese migrated from Fujian to Guangdong and the other southern provinces. Huang grew into a big clan in south China and it is the 3rd biggest surname in Southern China today. The Cantonese Baiyue adopted Huang surname as well.

Huang migration overseas began as early as the 14th century during the Ming dynasty to destinations in Southeast Asia. Migration to Americas began only in the mid-19th century following the forced opening of China's doors to the West. Huang is one of the largest Chinese surname clans in Americas today. The population of overseas Huang Clansmen was estimated at 2 million in 2000.

The surname 皇 has several origins:

  1. The descendants of the Three Emperors of ancient China.
  2. The descendants of Duke Dai of Song's prince named Huangfu Chongshi 皇父充石.
  3. An ancient book Xing Kao 姓考 says Zheng Kingdom has a royal clan named Huang clan 皇氏.

Across Guangdong, three million people surnamed Huang claim descent from the same paternal ancestor, Huang Qiaoshan who lived in the Tang dynasty and migrated to Fujian at the end of the dynasty, via three of his sons (out of 21) who founded different branches, found among the Hakka, Chaoshan and Cantonese. Among them are the Longgang, Kengxi village Hakka Huang, the Cantonese "guangfu" Huang native to Shenzhen in the villages of Shangsha & Xiasha & the Chaoshan Huang. Huang Qiaoshan lived from 872 to 953 and claimed he was the Yellow Emperor's 128th generation descendant. Huang Moutang who was born in 1183 and was Huang Qiaoshan's 15th generation descendant is the ancestor of the Cantonese guangfu Huang clans. One of his descendants was Huang Siming from whom the Xiasha Huang descent. Huang Qiaoshan's 9th generation descendant Huang Liao was a Song official and his descendant Huang Chaoxuan during the Ming-Qing transition was the ancestor of the Longgang, Kengzi village Hakka Huang. The Huang descendants who migrated and established linages in the Song were Cantonese speakers while the Huang descendants who migrated to the coast in the Ming-Qing transition spoke Hakka.[8]

Huang

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Huang is the 7th most common surname in China, and the 3rd most common surname in Taiwan. It is also one of the common surnames among Zhuang People, the largest ethnic minority in China, and is also the most common surname in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.[9] 19% of people from China with Surname Huang live in Guangdong Province. The population of people named Huang in China was approximately 29 million and in Taiwan about 1.4 million. In 2019 Huang was again the seventh most common surname in mainland China.[9]

A 2013 study found that it was the seventh-most common surname, shared by 32,600,000 people or 2.450% of the population, with the province having the most people being Guangdong.[10]

Historical figures with Huang 黃 surname

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Eastern Han dynasty Filial Son and Prime Minister Huang Xiang
Shu Han Kingdom General Huang Zhong
Song dynasty Calligrapher and Filial Son Huang Tingjian
Late Ming dynasty Philosopher Huang Zongxi

Modern figures

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Chinese Art Historian Huang Binhong
Chinese Revolutionary Huang Xing
Senior General of PLA Huang Kecheng
General Huang Yongsheng
Bronze Bust of Physicist Huang Kun

Modern figures (Overseas Chinese)

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Prime Minister of Singapore, Lawrence Wong
Thai Economist, Puey Ungphakorn
Former Minister of State of Indonesia, Oei Tjoe Tat
Former Secretary of Agriculture of the Philippines, Arthur C. Yap
Chinese American Billionaire, Jensen Huang
  • Wong Ah Fook 黄亚福 (1837–1918), Malaysian Chinese entrepreneur, and philanthropist who left an indelible imprint on the state of Johor in present-day Malaysia
  • Huang Bi Ren 黄碧仁 (born 1969), Singaporean actress
  • Huang Bing Yao 黄炳耀, also known as Benjamin Wong Tape (1875–1967), Chinese New Zealand merchant
  • Ng Chee Khern 黄志勤 (born 1965), Singaporean Major General, Former Chief of the Republic of Singapore Air Force and Permanent Secretary (Defence Development) in Singapore's Ministry of Defence
  • Ng Chee Meng 黄志明 (born 1968), Minister for Education (Schools), Senior Minister of State (Ministry of Transport), Second Minister for Transport and Former Chief of Defence Force of Singapore
  • Ng Chee Peng 黄志平 (born 1970), Singaporean Naval Admiral and Former Chief of the Republic of Singapore Navy
  • Ng Chee Siong 黄志祥 or Robert Ng (born 1952), Chairman of Hong Kong property development conglomerate Sino Group and Singaporean Real Estate Billionaire
  • Ng Chee Yang 黄智阳 (born 1989), Singaporean singer
  • Huang Cheng Hui 黄呈辉, also known as John K.C. Ng (1939–2013), Filipino Chinese businessman, philanthropist, former Presidential Advisor and Special Envoy for China Affairs
  • Huang Ching He 黄瀞亿 (born 1978), British Chinese food writer and chef
  • Wee Chong Jin 黄宗仁 (1917–2005), Judge and the First Chief Justice of Singapore
  • Ng Choon Siong 黄俊雄 or Elvin Ng (born 1980), Singaporean actor and model
  • Wee Cho Yaw 黄祖耀 (1929–2024), Singaporean businessman, and the current Chairman of the United Overseas Bank (UOB) and United Industrial Corporation (UIC) in Singapore
  • Huang Chuang Shan 黄创山, also known as Keeree Kanjanapas (born 1950), Thailand-based entrepreneur with extensive business interests in mass transit and real estate in the Kingdom of Thailand
  • Wong Doc Fai 黄德輝 (born 1948), internationally recognized master of Choy Li Fut kung fu and tai chi
  • Oei Ektjong 黄亦聪 or Eka Tjipta Widjaja (born 1923), Indonesian billionaire
  • Ng Eng Hen 黄永宏 (born 1958), Minister of Defence of Singapore
  • Ng Eng Teng 黄荣庭 (1934–2001), Singaporean sculptor
  • Freddie Wong 黄谷子 (born 1985), American internet celebrity and filmmaker
  • Huang Gantapawei 黄甘塔帕薇 or Ing Kuntha Phavi អឹង កន្ថាផាវី (born 1960), Current Minister of Women's Affairs of Cambodia
  • Wong Gen Yeo 黄齐耀 or Tyrus Wong (born 1910), Chinese American painter, muralist, ceramicist, lithographer, and designer
  • Hao Huang, American mathematician
  • Wong Hok Sing 黄鹤声 (1915–1993), Chinese American actor and director
  • Hosea Wong 黄振宇 (born 2003), Bruneian wushu athlete
  • Oey Hui Siang 黄惠祥 or Michael Bambang Hartono (born 1941), Indonesian tobacco billionaire
  • Oey Hui Tiong 黄惠忠 or Robert Budi Hartono (born 1940), Indonesian tobacco billionaire
  • Ung Huot 黄发 (born 1945), Former Prime Minister of Cambodia
  • Wong Jeh Shyan 黄哲贤 (born 1964), Former CEO of CommerceNet Singapore, and co-founder and CEO of Ecommerce Gateway Pte. Ltd.
  • Huang Jen Hsun 黃仁勳 or Jensen Huang (born 1963), co-founder, President and CEO of Nvidia Corporation
  • Huang Jia Lue 黄嘉略 or Arcadio Huang (1679–1716), French Chinese Pioneer who compiled first Chinese-French Lexicon and first Chinese Grammar in French
  • Huang Jin Shao 黄锦绍 or Delbert Earl Wong (1920–2006), First Chinese American judge in the continental United States
  • Ng Jui Ping 黄维彬 (1948–2020), Singaporean Lieutenant General and former Chief of Defence Force (CDF) of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF)
  • Huang Jun Rong 黄俊融 or Jarrell Huang (born 2000), Singaporean singer and actor
  • Ong Ka Chuan 黄家泉 (born 1954), Secretary-General of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), Former Minister of Housing and Local Government and Current Second Minister for International Trade and Industry of Malaysia
  • Wong Kan Seng 黄根成 (born 1946), former deputy prime minister of Singapore
  • Ong Ka Ting 黄家定 (born 1956), President of Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), Minister of Housing and Local Government and Acting Minister of Health of Malaysia
  • Wee Kheng Chiang 黄庆昌 (1890–1978), Malaysian Chinese businessman and founder of United Overseas Bank (UOB) in Singapore
  • Oey Kian Kok 黄建国 or Christianto Wibisono (1945–2021), prominent Chinese Indonesian business analyst in Indonesia
  • Wong Kim Min 黄金明 or James Wong (1922–2011), Malaysian Chinese Leader of the Opposition in Malaysia and Deputy Chief Minister of Sarawak
  • Wee Kim Wee 黄金辉 (1915–2005), former president of the Republic of Singapore
  • Ng Kok Kwang 黄国光 or Louis Ng (born 1978), Singaporean politician and founder of Animal Concerns Research and Education Society (ACRES)
  • Huang Lan Hsuan 黃籃萱, Taiwanese-American mathematician
  • Wong Liu Tsong 黄柳霜 or Anna May Wong (1905–1961), First Chinese American movie star and first Asian-American actress to gain international recognition
  • Melki Sedek Huang (born 2000), Indonesian activist and sex offender who formerly served as Chairman of the Student Executive Board at University of Indonesia
  • Wong Mun Charn 黄门赞 (1918–2002), Chinese American businessman and first Chinese-American fighter pilot
  • Huang Pei Qian 黄培谦 or Puey Ungpakorn ป๋วย อึ๊งภากรณ์ (1916–1999), Thai bureaucrat who played a central role in the shaping of Thailand's economic development and in the strengthening of its system of higher education
  • Wong Peng Soon 黄秉璇 (1918–1996), Chinese Malaysian badminton player who reigned as a top player in Malaya from the 1930s to the 1950s
  • Huang Ren Yu 黄仁宇 or Ray Huang (1918–2000), Chinese historian and philosopher, best known in his later years for the idea of macro history
  • Huang Ru You 黄如佑 Loke Yew (1845–1917), businessman and philanthropist in British Malaya. He was regarded as the richest man in British Malaya during his time.
  • Huang Ruo 黄若 (born 1976), Chinese American Composer, pianist and vocalist
  • Huang Shao Fan 黄少凡 or Hasan Karman (born 1962), Former Mayor of Singkawang, West Kalimantan and First Chinese Mayor of Indonesia
  • Huang Shiaan Bin 黄士豪, Member of Parliament of South Africa, Member of the African National Congress (ANC), Former Deputy Mayor of Newcastle in KwaZulu-Natal and Former Executive Councillor of Newcastle
  • Huang Shi Hou 黄诗厚 or Alice S. Huang (born 1939), Chinese American biologist specialized Microbiology and Virology
  • Huang Shi Tao 黄煦涛 or Thomas Huang (born 1936), Chinese Academician of Science in computer vision, pattern recognition and human-computer interaction
  • Wong Shyun Tsai 黄循财 or Lawrence Wong (born 1972), Prime Minister and Minister for Finance of Singapore
  • Wong Si Tian 黄思恬 or Carrie Wong (born 1994), Singaporean actress
  • Huang Su Shu 黄授书 (1915–1977), Chinese American astrophysicist and asteroid 3014 Huangsushu was named after him
  • Ng Teng Fong 黄廷芳 (1928–2010), Singaporean real estate tycoon
  • Huang Tian Xi 黄天喜 or Thian Hee (1848–1925), Prominent military doctor, influential merchant and founder of the illustrious Sarasin Family in the Kingdom of Thailand
  • Oei Tiong Ham 黄仲涵 (1866–1924), Indonesian businessman
  • Oei Tjoe Tat 黄自达 (1922–1996), First Chinese Indonesian Minister of State of Indonesia
  • Huang Tseng Hao 黄俊豪 or Hao Huang (born 1957), Chinese American concert pianist and music professor
  • Wong Tung Jim 黄宗沾 or James Wong Howe (1899–1976), Chinese American cinematographer
  • Oei Wie Gwan 黄维源 (?–1963), Indonesian businessman and entrepreneur
  • Huang Wen Bo 黄闻波 or Boonchu Rojanastien (1921–2007), Former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Thailand
  • Huang Wen Shiung 黄文雄 or Peter Huang (born 1937), Japanese Chinese writer and activist active in Taiwan for democratization and human rights
  • Huang Wen Yong 黄文永 (1952–2013), Singaporean actor
  • Huang Xi 黄西 or Joe Wong (born 1970), Chinese American stand-up comedian and chemical engineer
  • Huang Xin Xiang 黄馨祥 or Patrick Soon-Shiong (born 1952), South African-born American surgeon, medical researcher, businessman, philanthropist, and professor at University of California, Los Angeles
  • Huang Xue Dong 黄学东 (born 1962), Microsoft's Chief speech scientist. He was named one of the "25 Geniuses of Next List 2016" in Wire magazine.
  • Huang Yan Hui 黄彦辉[citation needed] Arthur C. Yap (born 1965), Former Filipino Chinese Secretary of Agriculture and Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
  • Wong Yee Ching 黄以静 or Flossie Wong-Staal (1947–2020), Chinese American virologist and molecular biologist. She was the first scientist to clone HIV and determine the function of its genes, a major step in proving that HIV is the cause of AIDS.
  • Ng Yen Yen 黄燕燕 (born 1946), Malaysian Chinese politician, former Minister of Tourism in the Malaysian Cabinet and Current Vice-president of Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)
  • Huang Yi Liang 黄奕良 (born 1961), Singaporean actor
  • Huang Yi Ming 黄颐铭 or Eddie Huang (born 1981), Chinese American restaurateur, chef, food personality, writer, and Attorney
  • Wong Ying Yen 黄英贤 or Penny Wong (born 1968), Senator and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Former Minister for Finance and Deregulation, and Minister for Climate Change, Energy Efficiency and Water of Australia
  • Wong Yi Shan 黄易山, CEO of Reddit, co-founder at Mountain View coworking space Sunfire Offices, and Advisor at Quora, an online knowledge market
  • Huang Yi Yu 黄毅瑜 or James Wong (born 1959), Chinese American Television Producer, Writer and Film Director
  • Huang Yuan Ling 黄苑玲 or Ruthlane Uy Asmundson (born 1945), Former Mayor of the City of Davis, California and First Female Filipino Migrant to be elected into the position of mayor in an American city
  • Huang Yu De Hu 黄欲德虎 or Cham Prasidh ចម ប្រសិទ្ធ (born 1951), Current Minister of Industry and Handicrafts and Former Minister of Commerce of Cambodia
  • Huang Yu Tang 黄玉堂 or Nelson Wang (born 1950), Indian Chinese restaurateur
  • Huang Zhe Lun 黄哲伦 or David Henry Hwang (born 1957), Chinese American playwright, librettist, screenwriter, and theater professor
  • Huang Zhen Tan 黄祯谭 or Alfonso A. Uy, Filipino Chinese businessman, and former and first President of the Federation of Filipino Chinese Chambers of Commerce & Industry
  • Nigel Ng 黄瑾瑜 (born 1991), Malaysian Chinese standup comedian and internet personality of Hokkien descent, known for potraying the character Uncle Roger.

Hwang

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Main article: Hwang (Korean surname)

Hoàng/Huỳnh

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The Vietnamese versions of this surname are Hoàng and Huỳnh. According to Lê Trung Hoa, a Vietnamese scholar, approximately 5.1 percent of Vietnamese people have this surname.[11] The original form of this surname was Hoàng. But in southern Vietnam, Hoàng was ordered to be changed (excluding the Hoàng Trọng family) to Huỳnh due to a naming taboo with the name of Lord Nguyễn Hoàng.

Notable people with Hoàng surname

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Vietnamese General, Hoàng Văn Thái

Notable people with Huỳnh surname

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Fictional characters with surname Huang

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Prince of Wucheng, Huang Feihu (黃飛虎)
God of War, Huang Tianhua (黃天化)

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "Huang". Collins English Dictionary.
  2. ^ K. S. Tom. [1989] (1989). Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends and Lore of the Middle Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1285-9.
  3. ^ Meaning of Chinese names – H
  4. ^ "Huang". Archived from the original on February 6, 2008. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  5. ^ 陈建魁; 黄百鸣 (December 2014). 黄姓简史 [A Brief History of Huang Surname] (in Chinese). Beijing Book Co. ISBN 978-7-210-06665-1.
  6. ^ 黃氏大族譜. 1973.
  7. ^ "The Origin of Huang". Archived from the original on 25 September 2012.
  8. ^ Guo, Man; Herrmann-Pillath, Carsten (2019). "Exploring Extended Kinship in Twenty-First-Century China: A Conceptual Case Study". Journal of Current Chinese Affairs. 48 (1): 50–75.
  9. ^ a b "新京报 – 好新闻，无止境".
  10. ^ 中国四百大姓, 袁义达, 邱家儒, Beijing Book Co. Inc., 1 January 2013
  11. ^ Lê Trung Hoa (2005). Họ và tên người Việt Nam, Hà Nội, Việt Nam: NXB Khoa học Xã hội
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